Pagliano Giorgia, Ventorino Valeria, Panico Antonio, Pepe Olimpia
Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy.
Telematic University Pegaso, Naples, Italy.
Biotechnol Biofuels. 2017 May 2;10:113. doi: 10.1186/s13068-017-0802-4. eCollection 2017.
Recently, issues concerning the sustainable and harmless disposal of organic solid waste have generated interest in microbial biotechnologies aimed at converting waste materials into bioenergy and biomaterials, thus contributing to a reduction in economic dependence on fossil fuels. To valorize biomass, waste materials derived from agriculture, food processing factories, and municipal organic waste can be used to produce biopolymers, such as biohydrogen and biogas, through different microbial processes. In fact, different bacterial strains can synthesize biopolymers to convert waste materials into valuable intracellular (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates) and extracellular (e.g., exopolysaccharides) bioproducts, which are useful for biochemical production. In particular, large numbers of bacteria, including , , , , , methylotrophs, spp., spp., spp., spp., and recombinant , have been successfully used to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates on an industrial scale from different types of organic by-products. Therefore, the development of high-performance microbial strains and the use of by-products and waste as substrates could reasonably make the production costs of biodegradable polymers comparable to those required by petrochemical-derived plastics and promote their use. Many studies have reported use of the same organic substrates as alternative energy sources to produce biogas and biohydrogen through anaerobic digestion as well as dark and photofermentation processes under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, concurrently obtaining bioenergy and biopolymers at a reasonable cost through an integrated system is becoming feasible using by-products and waste as organic carbon sources. An overview of the suitable substrates and microbial strains used in low-cost polyhydroxyalkanoates for biohydrogen and biogas production is given. The possibility of creating a unique integrated system is discussed because it represents a new approach for simultaneously producing energy and biopolymers for the plastic industry using by-products and waste as organic carbon sources.
最近，有机固体废物的可持续和无害化处理问题引发了人们对微生物生物技术的兴趣，这些技术旨在将废料转化为生物能源和生物材料，从而减少经济对化石燃料的依赖。为了实现生物质的价值化，源自农业、食品加工厂的废料以及城市有机废物可通过不同的微生物过程用于生产生物聚合物，如生物氢和沼气。事实上，不同的细菌菌株可以合成生物聚合物，将废料转化为有价值的细胞内（如聚羟基脂肪酸酯）和细胞外（如胞外多糖）生物产品，这些产品可用于生化生产。特别是，大量细菌，包括[具体细菌名称1]、[具体细菌名称2]、[具体细菌名称3]、[具体细菌名称4] [具体细菌名称x]、甲基营养菌、[具体细菌名称y]属、[具体细菌名称z]属、[具体细菌名称a]属、[具体细菌名称b]属以及重组[具体细菌名称c]，已成功用于从不同类型的有机副产物大规模生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯。因此，开发高性能的微生物菌株并使用副产物和废料作为底物，有望使可生物降解聚合物的生产成本与石化衍生塑料相当，并促进其使用。许多研究报道了使用相同的有机底物作为替代能源，通过厌氧消化以及厌氧条件下的暗发酵和光发酵过程来生产沼气和生物氢。因此，利用副产物和废料作为有机碳源，通过综合系统以合理成本同时获得生物能源和生物聚合物正变得可行。本文给出了用于低成本聚羟基脂肪酸酯生产生物氢和沼气的合适底物和微生物菌株的概述。还讨论了创建独特综合系统的可能性，因为它代表了一种利用副产物和废料作为有机碳源同时为塑料工业生产能源和生物聚合物的新方法。
