Brief Funct Genomics. 2018 Jan 1;17(1):8-14. doi: 10.1093/bfgp/elx010.
Nematodes are highly abundant animals, and many species have a parasitic lifestyle. Nematode parasites are important pathogens of humans and other animals, and there is considerable interest in understanding their molecular and genomic adaptations to nematode parasitism. This has been approached in three main ways: comparing the genomes of closely related parasitic and free-living taxa, comparing the gene expression of parasitic and free-living life cycle stages of parasitic nematode species, and analysing the molecules that parasitic nematodes excrete and secrete. To date, these studies show that many species of parasitic nematodes have genomes that have large gene families coding for proteases/peptidases, protease inhibitors, SCP/TAPS proteins and acetylcholinesterases, and in many cases there is evidence that these appear to be used by parasitic stages inside hosts, and are often secreted. Many parasitic nematodes have taxa-restricted gene families that also appear to be involved in parasitism, emphasizing that there is still much to be discovered about what it takes to be a parasitic nematode.
线虫是高度丰富的动物，许多物种具有寄生生活方式。线虫寄生虫是人类和其他动物的重要病原体，人们对线虫寄生的分子和基因组适应性非常感兴趣。这已经通过三种主要方法来研究：比较密切相关的寄生和自由生活的分类群的基因组，比较寄生线虫物种的寄生和自由生活周期阶段的基因表达，以及分析寄生线虫排泄和分泌的分子。迄今为止，这些研究表明，许多寄生线虫物种的基因组都有很大的基因家族，编码蛋白酶/肽酶、蛋白酶抑制剂、SCP/TAPS 蛋白和乙酰胆碱酯酶，在许多情况下，有证据表明这些基因家族在寄生虫阶段在宿主内被使用，并且经常被分泌。许多寄生线虫具有分类群特异性的基因家族，这些基因家族似乎也与寄生有关，这强调了要了解成为寄生线虫需要什么，还有很多需要发现。
