Blecher Evan, Liber Alex C, Drope Jeffrey M, Nguyen Binh, Stoklosa Michal
Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Economic and Health Policy Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2017 May 4;14:E37. doi: 10.5888/pcd14.160406.
The objective of this study was to quantify changes in the affordability of sugar-sweetened beverages, a product implicated as a contributor to rising rates of obesity worldwide, as a function of product price and personal income.
We used international survey data in a retrospective analysis of 40 high-income and 42 low-income and middle-income countries from 1990 to 2016. Prices of sugar-sweetened beverages were from the Economist Intelligence Unit's World Cost of Living Survey. Income and inflation data were from the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook Database. The measure of affordability was the average annual percentage change in the relative-income price of sugar-sweetened beverages, which is the annual rate of change in the proportion of per capita gross domestic product needed to purchase 100 L of Coca-Cola in each country in each year of the study.
In 79 of 82 countries, the proportion of income needed to purchase sugar-sweetened beverages declined on average (using annual measures) during the study period. This pattern, described as an increase in the affordability of sugar-sweetened beverages, indicated that sugar-sweetened beverages became more affordable more rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries, a fact largely attributable to the higher rate of income growth in those countries than to a decline in the real price of sugar-sweetened beverages.
Without deliberate policy action to raise prices, sugar-sweetened beverages are likely to become more affordable and more widely consumed around the world.
本研究的目的是量化含糖饮料的可承受性变化，含糖饮料被认为是全球肥胖率上升的一个因素，该变化是产品价格和个人收入的函数。
我们在对1990年至2016年40个高收入国家以及42个低收入和中等收入国家的回顾性分析中使用了国际调查数据。含糖饮料的价格来自经济学人智库的《世界生活成本调查》。收入和通胀数据来自国际货币基金组织的《世界经济展望数据库》。可承受性的衡量指标是含糖饮料相对收入价格的年均百分比变化，即研究中每年每个国家购买100升可口可乐所需人均国内生产总值比例的年变化率。
在82个国家中的79个国家，研究期间购买含糖饮料所需收入比例平均下降（采用年度衡量指标）。这种模式，即含糖饮料可承受性的提高，表明含糖饮料在低收入和中等收入国家比在高收入国家变得更能负担得起，这一事实很大程度上归因于这些国家较高的收入增长率，而非含糖饮料实际价格的下降。
如果没有旨在提高价格的刻意政策行动，含糖饮料在全球范围内可能会变得更能负担得起且消费更为广泛。
