An Sieun, Ji Li-Jun, Marks Michael, Zhang Zhiyong
Department of Psychology, Ashoka UniversitySonepat, India.
Department of Psychology, Queen's University,Kingston, ON, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2017 Apr 20;8:610. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00610. eCollection 2017.
We employ a novel paradigm to test whether six basic emotions (sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise, and happiness; Ekman, 1992) contain both negativity and positivity, as opposed to consisting of a single continuum between negative and positive. We examined the perceived negativity and positivity of these emotions in terms of their affective and cognitive components among Korean, Chinese, Canadian, and American students. Assessing each emotion at the cognitive and affective levels cross-culturally provides a fairly comprehensive picture of the positivity and negativity of emotions. Affective components were rated as more divergent than cognitive components. Cross-culturally, Americans and Canadians gave higher valence ratings to the salient valence of each emotion, and lower ratings to the non-salient valence of an emotion, compared to Chinese and Koreans. The results suggest that emotions encompass both positivity and negativity, and there were cross-cultural differences in reported emotions. This paradigm complements existing emotion theories, building on past research and allowing for more parsimonious explanations of cross-cultural research on emotion.
我们采用一种新的范式来测试六种基本情绪（悲伤、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒、惊讶和快乐；埃克曼，1992）是否既包含消极性又包含积极性，而不是由消极和积极之间的单一连续体组成。我们在韩国、中国、加拿大和美国学生中，从情感和认知成分方面考察了这些情绪的感知消极性和积极性。跨文化地在认知和情感层面评估每种情绪，能提供关于情绪积极性和消极性的相当全面的图景。情感成分的评分比认知成分的评分差异更大。在跨文化方面，与中国人和韩国人相比，美国人和加拿大人对每种情绪的显著效价给予更高的评分，而对一种情绪的非显著效价给予更低的评分。结果表明，情绪既包含积极性又包含消极性，并且在报告的情绪方面存在跨文化差异。这种范式补充了现有的情绪理论，基于过去的研究，并能对情绪的跨文化研究做出更简洁的解释。
