Shao A, Drewnowski A, Willcox D C, Krämer L, Lausted C, Eggersdorfer M, Mathers J, Bell J D, Randolph R K, Witkamp R, Griffiths J C
Herbalife Nutrition, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Eur J Nutr. 2017 May;56(Suppl 1):1-21. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1460-9.
The field of nutrition has evolved rapidly over the past century. Nutrition scientists and policy makers in the developed world have shifted the focus of their efforts from dealing with diseases of overt nutrient deficiency to a new paradigm aimed at coping with conditions of excess-calories, sedentary lifestyles and stress. Advances in nutrition science, technology and manufacturing have largely eradicated nutrient deficiency diseases, while simultaneously facing the growing challenges of obesity, non-communicable diseases and aging. Nutrition research has gone through a necessary evolution, starting with a reductionist approach, driven by an ambition to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects of individual nutrients at the cellular and molecular levels. This approach has appropriately expanded in recent years to become more holistic with the aim of understanding the role of nutrition in the broader context of dietary patterns. Ultimately, this approach will culminate in a full understanding of the dietary landscape-a web of interactions between nutritional, dietary, social, behavioral and environmental factors-and how it impacts health maintenance and promotion.
在过去的一个世纪里，营养领域发展迅速。发达国家的营养科学家和政策制定者已将工作重点从应对明显的营养素缺乏疾病，转向应对热量过剩、久坐不动的生活方式和压力等新范式。营养科学、技术和制造业的进步在很大程度上消除了营养素缺乏疾病，同时也面临着肥胖、非传染性疾病和老龄化等日益严峻的挑战。营养研究经历了必要的演变，最初采用还原论方法，其驱动力是渴望在细胞和分子水平上了解单个营养素作用的机制。近年来，这种方法已适当地扩展，变得更加全面，旨在了解营养在更广泛的饮食模式背景中的作用。最终，这种方法将促成对饮食全貌的全面理解——营养、饮食、社会、行为和环境因素之间的相互作用网络——以及它如何影响健康维护和促进。
