Arthritis Program, Division of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA; Georgia State University, School of Public Health, USA.
Georgia State University, School of Public Health, USA.
Disabil Health J. 2018 Jan;11(1):108-115. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.04.010. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
Chronic conditions are among the major causes of work disability (WD), which is associated with lower employment, less economic activity, and greater dependence on social programs, while limiting access to the benefits of employment participation.
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: We estimated the overall prevalence of WD among working-age (18-64 years) U.S. adults and the most common causes of WD overall and by sex. Next, we estimated the prevalence and most common causes of WD among adults with 12 common chronic conditions by sex and age. We hypothesized that musculoskeletal conditions would be among the most common causes of WD overall and for individuals with other diagnosed chronic conditions.
Data were obtained from years 2011, 2012, and 2013 of the National Health Interview Survey. WD was defined by a "yes" response to one or both of: "Does a physical, mental, or emotional problem NOW keep you from working at a job or business?" and "Are you limited in the kind OR amount of work you can do because of a physical, mental or emotional problem?"
Overall, 20.1 million adults (10.4% (95% CI = 10.1-10.8) of the working-age population) reported WD. The top three most commonly reported causes of WD were back/neck problems 30.3% (95% CI = 29.1-31.5), depression/anxiety/emotional problems 21.0% (19.9-22.0), and arthritis/rheumatism 18.6 (17.6-19.6). Musculoskeletal conditions were among the three most common causes of WD overall and by age- and sex-specific respondents across diagnosed chronic conditions.
Quantifying the prevalence and causes of work disability by age and sex can help prioritize interventions.
慢性疾病是导致工作残疾（WD）的主要原因之一，这与较低的就业率、较少的经济活动以及对社会项目的更大依赖有关，同时也限制了参与就业的好处。
目的/假设：我们估计了美国工作年龄（18-64 岁）成年人中 WD 的总体患病率，以及 WD 的总体和按性别最常见的原因。接下来，我们按性别和年龄估计了 12 种常见慢性疾病患者中 WD 的患病率和最常见原因。我们假设肌肉骨骼疾病将是 WD 总体和其他诊断出的慢性疾病患者最常见的原因之一。
数据来自 2011 年、2012 年和 2013 年的全国健康访谈调查。WD 通过对以下两个问题的“是”回答来定义：“目前是否有身体、精神或情绪问题妨碍您从事工作或业务？”和“由于身体、精神或情绪问题，您是否限制了可以从事的工作种类或数量？”
总体而言，有 2010 万成年人（占工作年龄人口的 10.4%（95%置信区间 10.1-10.8））报告了 WD。WD 最常见的三个原因是背部/颈部问题 30.3%（95%置信区间 29.1-31.5），抑郁/焦虑/情绪问题 21.0%（19.9-22.0），和关节炎/风湿病 18.6%（17.6-19.6）。肌肉骨骼疾病是 WD 总体和按年龄和性别特定受访者的所有诊断出的慢性疾病的三个最常见原因之一。
按年龄和性别量化工作残疾的患病率和原因可以帮助确定干预措施的优先级。
