Zäske Romi, Skuk Verena Gabriele, Schweinberger Stefan R
Department for General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience & DFG Research Unit Person Perception, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Am Steiger 3/1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
R Soc Open Sci. 2020 Dec 9;7(12):201244. doi: 10.1098/rsos.201244. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Facial attractiveness has been linked to the averageness (or typicality) of a face and, more tentatively, to a speaker's vocal attractiveness, via the 'honest signal' hypothesis, holding that attractiveness signals good genes. In four experiments, we assessed ratings for attractiveness and two common measures of distinctiveness ('distinctiveness-in-the-crowd', DITC and 'deviation-based distinctiveness', DEV) for faces and voices (simple vowels, or more naturalistic sentences) from 64 young adult speakers (32 female). Consistent and substantial negative correlations between attractiveness and DEV generally supported the averageness account of attractiveness, for both voices and faces. By contrast, and indicating that both measures of distinctiveness reflect different constructs, correlations between attractiveness and DITC were numerically positive for faces (though small and non-significant), and significant for voices in sentence stimuli. Between faces and voices, distinctiveness ratings were uncorrelated. Remarkably, and at variance with the honest signal hypothesis, vocal and facial attractiveness were also uncorrelated in all analyses involving naturalistic, i.e. sentence-based, speech. This result pattern was confirmed using a new set of stimuli and raters (experiment 5). Overall, while our findings strongly support an averageness account of attractiveness for both domains, they provide no evidence for an honest signal account of facial and vocal attractiveness in complex naturalistic speech.
面部吸引力与面部的平均性(或典型性)有关,并且通过“诚实信号”假说更不确定地与说话者的声音吸引力有关,该假说认为吸引力标志着优良基因。在四项实验中,我们评估了64名年轻成年说话者(32名女性)的面部和声音(简单元音或更自然的句子)的吸引力评分以及两种常见的独特性测量方法(“人群中的独特性”,DITC和“基于偏差的独特性”,DEV)。吸引力与DEV之间一致且显著的负相关普遍支持了声音和面部吸引力的平均性解释。相比之下,这表明两种独特性测量方法反映了不同的结构,面部的吸引力与DITC之间的相关性在数值上为正(尽管很小且不显著),而在句子刺激中的声音方面则显著。在面部和声音之间,独特性评分不相关。值得注意的是,与诚实信号假说不同,在所有涉及自然的即基于句子的语音分析中,声音和面部吸引力也不相关。使用一组新的刺激和评分者(实验5)证实了这一结果模式。总体而言,虽然我们的研究结果有力地支持了两个领域吸引力的平均性解释,但它们没有为复杂自然语音中面部和声音吸引力的诚实信号解释提供证据。