Letchumanan Vengadesh, Chan Kok-Gan, Khan Tahir M, Bukhari Sarah I, Ab Mutalib Nurul-Syakima, Goh Bey-Hing, Lee Learn-Han
Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaSelangor, Malaysia.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Apr 21;8:728. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00728. eCollection 2017.
Bacteria must develop resistance to various inhospitable conditions in order to survive in the human gastrointestinal tract. Bile, which is secreted by the liver, and plays an important role in food digestion also has antimicrobial properties and is able to disrupt cellular homeostasis. Paradoxically, although bile is one of the guts defenses, many studies have reported that bacteria such as can sense bile and use its presence as an environmental cue to upregulate virulence genes during infection. This article aims to discuss how bile is detected by and its role in regulating type III secretion system 2 leading to human infection. This bile-bacteria interaction pathway gives us a clearer understanding of the biochemical and structural analysis of the bacterial receptors involved in mediating a response to bile salts which appear to be a significant environmental cue during initiation of an infection.
细菌必须对各种恶劣条件产生抗性，才能在人类胃肠道中生存。胆汁由肝脏分泌，在食物消化中起重要作用，同时也具有抗菌特性，能够破坏细胞内稳态。矛盾的是，尽管胆汁是肠道防御机制之一，但许多研究报告称，诸如[细菌名称未给出]等细菌能够感知胆汁，并利用其存在作为一种环境信号，在感染期间上调毒力基因。本文旨在探讨[细菌名称未给出]如何检测胆汁及其在调节导致人类感染的Ⅲ型分泌系统2中的作用。这种胆汁与细菌的相互作用途径使我们对介导对胆盐反应的细菌受体的生化和结构分析有了更清晰的认识，而胆盐在感染初期似乎是一个重要的环境信号。
