Castro-Rodriguez Jose A, Garcia-Marcos Luis
Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Children's Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca Bio-health Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Front Pediatr. 2017 Apr 21;5:72. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00072. eCollection 2017.
This review updates the relationship between the adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) assessed by questionnaire and asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic eczema in childhood. It deals with the effect of MedDiet in children on asthma/wheeze, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis/eczema, and also with the effect of MedDiet consumption by the mother during pregnancy on the inception of asthma/wheeze and allergic diseases in the offspring. Adherence to MedDiet by children themselves seems to have a protective effect on asthma/wheezing symptoms after adjustment for confounders, although the effect is doubtful on lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. By contrast, the vast majority of the studies showed no significant effect of MedDiet on preventing atopic eczema, rhinitis, or atopy. Finally, studies on adherence to MedDiet by the mother during pregnancy showed some protective effect on asthma/wheeze symptoms in the offspring only during the first year of life, but not afterward. Very few studies have shown a protective effect on wheezing, current sneeze, and atopy, and none on eczema. Randomized control trials on the effect of the adherence to MedDiet to prevent (by maternal consumption during pregnancy) or improve (by child consumption) the clinical control of asthma/wheezing, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis are needed.
本综述更新了通过问卷调查评估的地中海饮食（MedDiet）依从性与儿童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎或特应性皮炎之间的关系。它探讨了儿童期MedDiet对哮喘/喘息、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎/湿疹的影响，以及母亲孕期食用MedDiet对后代哮喘/喘息和过敏性疾病发病的影响。在对混杂因素进行校正后，儿童自身坚持MedDiet似乎对哮喘/喘息症状有保护作用，尽管对肺功能和支气管高反应性的影响尚不确定。相比之下，绝大多数研究表明MedDiet对预防特应性皮炎、鼻炎或特应性无显著影响。最后，关于母亲孕期坚持MedDiet的研究表明，仅在后代生命的第一年对哮喘/喘息症状有一定保护作用，之后则无。极少有研究表明对喘息、当前打喷嚏和特应性有保护作用，对湿疹则无。需要进行随机对照试验，以研究坚持MedDiet（孕期母亲食用以预防，儿童食用以改善）对哮喘/喘息、过敏性鼻炎或特应性皮炎临床控制的效果。
