Poursoleiman Faezeh, Sasanfar Bahareh, Behniafard Nasrin, Nafei Zahra, Akbarian Elahe, Khalili Abbas, Salehi-Abargouei Amin
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
World Allergy Organ J. 2024 Oct 18;17(11):100948. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100948. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Limited investigations have focused on the association between the Mediterranean dietary (MeD) and asthma among children and adolescents. We aimed to study the associations between a modified Mediterranean dietary pattern and asthma symptoms in children living in Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 7667 children and adolescence. Data on dietary intakes, asthma symptoms and other possible confounders, were collected using a questionnaire completed by parents. The relationship between Mediterranean diet (MeD) and asthma was assessed using logistic regression.
We found that participants in the highest quartile of MeD score had 32% lower odds of wheezing in the past 12 months in the whole population when compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.51-0.90; P < 0.001). Regarding the wheezing, a linear reducing trend was observed in girls (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.62-1.25; P = 0.04); and a significant protective association was seen among boys (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.28-0.73; P < 0.001). Analyses by gender showed, girls and boys in the highest quartile had 68% and 51% lower odds of current asthma in comparison with the first quartile.
Mediterranean-style diet emphasizing high in fruits, vegetables, and cereals and low in fast foods is associated with reduced wheezing as an asthma-related symptom. On the other hand, meat intake has adverse correlation with asthma prevalence. No association was found between this dietary pattern and asthma. Further prospective investigations should be conducted to confirm these findings.
针对儿童和青少年群体，仅有有限的研究关注了地中海饮食（MeD）与哮喘之间的关联。我们旨在研究改良的地中海饮食模式与伊朗儿童哮喘症状之间的关联。
这项横断面研究在7667名儿童和青少年中开展。通过家长填写的问卷收集饮食摄入、哮喘症状及其他可能的混杂因素的数据。使用逻辑回归评估地中海饮食（MeD）与哮喘之间的关系。
我们发现，与最低四分位数组相比，MeD评分处于最高四分位数组的参与者在过去12个月内喘息的几率在总体人群中低32%（比值比：0.68；95%置信区间：0.51 - 0.90；P < 0.001）。关于喘息，在女孩中观察到线性下降趋势（比值比：0.88；95%置信区间：0.62 - 1.25；P = 0.04）；在男孩中则存在显著的保护关联（比值比：0.45；95%置信区间：0.28 - 0.73；P < 0.001）。按性别分析显示，最高四分位数组的女孩和男孩当前患哮喘的几率分别比第一四分位数组低68%和51%。
强调水果、蔬菜和谷物含量高而快餐含量低的地中海式饮食与作为哮喘相关症状的喘息减少有关。另一方面，肉类摄入与哮喘患病率呈负相关。未发现这种饮食模式与哮喘之间存在关联。应开展进一步的前瞻性研究以证实这些发现。
