Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
Microb Ecol. 2017 Nov;74(4):810-820. doi: 10.1007/s00248-017-0973-3. Epub 2017 May 8.
Anaerobic diesel fuel Arctic (DFA) degradation has already been demonstrated in Antarctic soils. However, studies comparing the distribution of anaerobic bacterial groups and of anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in Antarctic soils containing different concentrations of DFA are scarce. In this study, functional genes were used to study the diversity and distribution of anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (bamA, assA, and bssA) and of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB-apsR) in highly, intermediate, and non-DFA-contaminated soils collected during the summers of 2009, 2010, and 2011 from King George Island, Antarctica. Signatures of bamA genes were detected in all soils analyzed, whereas bssA and assA were found in only 4 of 10 soils. The concentration of DFA was the main factor influencing the distribution of bamA-containing bacteria and of SRB in the analyzed soils, as shown by PCR-DGGE results. bamA sequences related to genes previously described in Desulfuromonas, Lautropia, Magnetospirillum, Sulfuritalea, Rhodovolum, Rhodomicrobium, Azoarcus, Geobacter, Ramlibacter, and Gemmatimonas genera were dominant in King George Island soils. Although DFA modulated the distribution of bamA-hosting bacteria, DFA concentration was not related to bamA abundance in the soils studied here. This result suggests that King George Island soils show functional redundancy for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. The results obtained in this study support the hypothesis that specialized anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria have been selected by hydrocarbon concentrations present in King George Island soils.
在南极土壤中已经证实了厌氧柴油燃料（DFA）的降解作用。然而，比较含有不同浓度 DFA 的南极土壤中厌氧细菌群体和厌氧烃降解细菌分布的研究却很少。在这项研究中，使用功能基因来研究 2009 年、2010 年和 2011 年夏季从南极乔治王岛采集的高度、中度和非 DFA 污染土壤中厌氧烃降解细菌（bamA、assA 和 bssA）和硫酸盐还原菌（SRB-apsR）的多样性和分布。在所分析的所有土壤中都检测到了 bamA 基因的特征，而 bssA 和 assA 仅在 10 个土壤中的 4 个中发现。DFA 的浓度是影响分析土壤中含 bamA 细菌和 SRB 分布的主要因素，PCR-DGGE 结果表明了这一点。与先前在脱硫单胞菌、Lautropia、Magnetospirillum、Sulfuritalea、Rhodovolum、Rhodomicrobium、Azoarcus、Geobacter、Ramlibacter 和 Gemmatimonas 属中描述的基因有关的 bamA 序列在乔治王岛土壤中占优势。尽管 DFA 调节了 bamA 宿主细菌的分布，但 DFA 浓度与研究土壤中的 bamA 丰度无关。这一结果表明，乔治王岛土壤在芳烃降解方面具有功能冗余性。本研究结果支持了这样的假设，即专门的厌氧烃降解细菌已经被乔治王岛土壤中存在的烃浓度所选择。
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