Herrera-Marcos Luis V, Lou-Bonafonte José M, Arnal Carmen, Navarro María A, Osada Jesús
Departamento de Bioquímicay Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Nutrients. 2017 May 9;9(5):472. doi: 10.3390/nu9050472.
The Mediterranean diet has been proven to be highly effective in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and in decreasing overall mortality. Nowadays, transcriptomics is gaining particular relevance due to the existence of non-coding RNAs capable of regulating many biological processes. The present work describes a systematic review of current evidence supporting the influence of the Mediterranean diet on transcriptomes of different tissues in various experimental models. While information on regulatory RNA is very limited, they seem to contribute to the effect. Special attention has been given to the oily matrix of virgin olive oil. In this regard, monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diets prevented the expression of inflammatory genes in different tissues, an action also observed after the administration of olive oil phenolic compounds. Among these, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and secoiridoids have been found to be particularly effective in cell cycle expression. Less explored terpenes, such as oleanolic acid, are important modulators of circadian clock genes. The wide range of studied tissues and organisms indicate that response to these compounds is universal and poses an important level of complexity considering the different genes expressed in each tissue and the number of different tissues in an organism.
地中海饮食已被证明在预防心血管疾病和癌症以及降低总体死亡率方面非常有效。如今，由于存在能够调节许多生物过程的非编码RNA，转录组学正变得尤为重要。本研究描述了对当前证据的系统综述，这些证据支持地中海饮食对各种实验模型中不同组织转录组的影响。虽然关于调控RNA的信息非常有限，但它们似乎对这种影响有作用。特别关注了初榨橄榄油的油性基质。在这方面，富含单不饱和脂肪酸的饮食可阻止不同组织中炎症基因的表达，在给予橄榄油酚类化合物后也观察到了这种作用。其中，酪醇、羟基酪醇和裂环烯醚萜类化合物已被发现对细胞周期表达特别有效。研究较少的萜类化合物，如齐墩果酸，是昼夜节律基因的重要调节剂。所研究的组织和生物体范围广泛，这表明对这些化合物的反应是普遍的，并且考虑到每个组织中表达的不同基因以及生物体中不同组织的数量，这构成了一个重要的复杂层面。
