Salvy Sarah-Jeanne, Feda Denise M, Epstein Leonard H, Roemmich James N
University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2017 Apr 26;6:355-360. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.04.009. eCollection 2017 Jun.
Studies of neighborhood safety and physical activity have typically neglected to consider the youth's peer context as a modifier of these relationships. This study fills this gap in testing the independent and interactive effects of perceived neighborhood safety and time spent with friends and peers on young adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior. Participants (N = 80; ages 13-17) completed the Pedestrian/Traffic Safety and Crime Safety subscales of the adolescent version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS). An experience sampling methodology was used to assess sedentary behaviors/screen time and the social context in which physical activity and sedentary time/behavior occurred. Physical activity was assessed via accelerometry. Multilevel models were used to estimate the relationships between predictors (neighborhood safety and social context) and outcomes (physical activity and sedentary time/behavior). Frequency of peer/friend interactions moderated the relationships between neighborhood safety and adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior. Specifically, physical activity was more strongly influenced by neighborhood safety among adolescents who reported spending less time with peers and friends than among those who reported frequent peer interactions. Among youths who perceived that their neighborhoods were safer, spending more time with friends and peers was related to greater engagement in sedentary activities, whereas this was not the case among adolescents who perceived that their neighborhoods were less safe. The peer social context moderates the relationship between perceived neighborhood safety and adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior. Improving social interactions at the individual level within neighborhoods may decrease concerns of safety.
关于邻里安全与身体活动的研究通常忽略了将青少年的同伴环境视为这些关系的一个调节因素。本研究填补了这一空白，检验了邻里安全感知以及与朋友和同伴相处时间对青少年身体活动和久坐行为的独立及交互作用。参与者（N = 80；年龄13 - 17岁）完成了邻里环境适宜步行量表（NEWS）青少年版中的行人/交通安全和犯罪安全分量表。采用经验取样法评估久坐行为/屏幕使用时间以及身体活动和久坐时间/行为发生的社会环境。通过加速度计评估身体活动。使用多层次模型估计预测因素（邻里安全和社会环境）与结果（身体活动和久坐时间/行为）之间的关系。同伴/朋友互动的频率调节了邻里安全与青少年身体活动和久坐行为之间的关系。具体而言，与那些报告经常与同伴互动的青少年相比，报告与同伴和朋友相处时间较少的青少年中，身体活动受邻里安全的影响更强。在那些认为自己所在社区更安全的青少年中，与朋友和同伴相处时间增加与久坐活动参与度提高有关，而在那些认为自己所在社区不太安全的青少年中则并非如此。同伴社会环境调节了邻里安全感知与青少年身体活动和久坐行为之间的关系。改善社区内个体层面的社会互动可能会减少对安全的担忧。
