Akombi Blessing J, Agho Kingsley E, Merom Dafna, Renzaho Andre M, Hall John J
School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
PLoS One. 2017 May 11;12(5):e0177338. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177338. eCollection 2017.
Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest levels of child malnutrition globally. Therefore, a critical look at the distribution of malnutrition within its sub-regions is required to identify the worst affected areas. This study provides a meta-analysis of the prevalence of malnutrition indicators (stunting, wasting and underweight) within four sub-regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
Cross-sectional data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (2006-2016) of 32 countries in sub-Saharan Africa were used. The countries were grouped into four sub-regions (East Africa, West Africa, Southern Africa and Central Africa), and a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of each malnutrition indicator within each of the sub-regions. Significant heterogeneity was detected among the various surveys (I2 >50%), hence a random effect model was used, and sensitivity analysis was performed, to examine the effects of outliers. Stunting was defined as HAZ<-2; wasting as WHZ<-2 and underweight as WAZ<-2.
Stunting was highest in Burundi (57.7%) and Malawi (47.1%) in East Africa; Niger (43.9%), Mali (38.3%), Sierra Leone (37.9%) and Nigeria (36.8%) in West Africa; Democratic Republic of Congo (42.7%) and Chad (39.9%) in Central Africa. Wasting was highest in Niger (18.0%), Burkina Faso (15.50%) and Mali (12.7%) in West Africa; Comoros (11.1%) and Ethiopia (8.70%) in East Africa; Namibia (6.2%) in Southern Africa; Chad (13.0%) and Sao Tome & Principle (10.5%) in Central Africa. Underweight was highest in Burundi (28.8%) and Ethiopia (25.2%) in East Africa; Niger (36.4%), Nigeria (28.7%), Burkina Faso (25.7%), Mali (25.0%) in West Africa; and Chad (28.8%) in Central Africa.
The prevalence of malnutrition was highest within countries in East Africa and West Africa compared to the WHO Millennium development goals target for 2015. Appropriate nutrition interventions need to be prioritised in East Africa and West Africa if sub-Saharan Africa is to meet the WHO global nutrition target of improving maternal, infant and young child nutrition by 2025.
撒哈拉以南非洲是全球儿童营养不良程度最高的地区之一。因此，有必要审视该地区内营养不良情况的分布，以确定受影响最严重的地区。本研究对撒哈拉以南非洲四个次区域的营养不良指标（发育迟缓、消瘦和体重不足）患病率进行了荟萃分析。
使用了撒哈拉以南非洲32个国家最近的人口与健康调查（2006 - 2016年）的横断面数据。这些国家被分为四个次区域（东非、西非、南部非洲和中部非洲），并进行了荟萃分析，以估计每个次区域内各营养不良指标的患病率。在各项调查中检测到显著的异质性（I2>50%），因此使用了随机效应模型，并进行了敏感性分析，以检验异常值的影响。发育迟缓定义为身高别年龄标准差（HAZ）<-2；消瘦定义为体重别身高标准差（WHZ）<-2；体重不足定义为体重别年龄标准差（WAZ）<-2。
发育迟缓率在东非的布隆迪（57.7%）和马拉维（47.1%）最高；西非的尼日尔（43.9%）、马里（38.3%）、塞拉利昂（37.9%）和尼日利亚（36.8%）最高；中非的刚果民主共和国（42.7%）和乍得（39.9%）最高。消瘦率在西非的尼日尔（18.0%）、布基纳法索（15.50%）和马里（12.7%）最高；东非的科摩罗（11.1%）和埃塞俄比亚（8.70%）最高；南部非洲的纳米比亚（6.2%）最高；中非的乍得（13.0%）和圣多美和普林西比（10.5%）最高。体重不足率在东非的布隆迪（28.8%）和埃塞俄比亚（25.2%）最高；西非的尼日尔（36.4%）、尼日利亚（28.7%）、布基纳法索（25.7%）、马里（25.0%）最高；中非的乍得（28.8%）最高。
与世界卫生组织2015年千年发展目标相比，东非和西非国家的营养不良患病率最高。如果撒哈拉以南非洲要实现世界卫生组织到2025年改善孕产妇、婴儿和幼儿营养的全球营养目标，就需要在东非和西非优先实施适当的营养干预措施。
Zotero 插件
