单身老年人机构养老意愿的性别差异：来自中国山东农村的证据。
Gender difference in utilization willingness of institutional care among the single seniors: evidence from rural Shandong, China.
机构信息
School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
Shandong Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China.
出版信息
Int J Equity Health. 2017 May 12;16(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12939-017-0577-z.
BACKGROUND
Institutional care has become an urgent issue in rural China. Rural single seniors, compared with their counterparts, have lower income and are more vulnerable. Gender is also a significant factor determining long-term institutional care. This study is designed to examine the gender difference towards utilization willingness of institutional care among rural single seniors.
METHODS
A total of 505 rural single seniors were included in the analysis. Binary logistic regression model was used to examine the gender difference towards utilization willingness for institutional care, and also to identify the determinants of the utilization willingness for institutional care among rural single male and female seniors.
RESULTS
Our study found that about 5.7% rural single seniors had willingness for institutional care in Shandong, China. Single females were found to be less willing for institutional care than single males in rural areas (OR = 0.19; 95 CI 0.06-0.57). It's also found that psychological stress was associated with institutionalization willingness in both single males (P = 0.045) and single females (P = 0.013) in rural China. The rural single seniors who lived alone were found to be more willing for institutional care both in males (P = 0.032) and females (P = 0.002) compared with those who lived with children or others.
CONCLUSIONS
This study found that there was a gender difference towards utilization willingness for institutional care among single seniors in rural China. Factors including psychological stress and living arrangements were determinants of institutionalization willingness both in single males and females. Targeted policies should be made for rural single seniors of different gender.
背景
机构照料在中国农村已成为一个紧迫的问题。与同龄人相比，农村单身老年人收入较低，更为脆弱。性别也是决定长期机构照料的一个重要因素。本研究旨在考察农村单身老年人对机构照料的利用意愿的性别差异。
方法
共纳入 505 名农村单身老年人进行分析。采用二项逻辑回归模型，考察农村单身男性和女性老年人对机构照料的利用意愿的性别差异，并确定农村单身男性和女性老年人对机构照料的利用意愿的决定因素。
结果
研究发现，在中国山东，约有 5.7%的农村单身老年人有机构照料的意愿。与农村单身男性相比，单身女性对机构照料的意愿较低（OR=0.19；95%CI 0.06-0.57）。研究还发现，心理压力与农村单身男性（P=0.045）和单身女性（P=0.013）的机构化意愿有关。与与子女或其他人一起生活的单身老年人相比，独居的农村单身老年人在男性（P=0.032）和女性（P=0.002）中都更愿意接受机构照料。
结论
本研究发现，中国农村单身老年人对机构照料的利用意愿存在性别差异。心理压力和居住安排等因素是单身男性和女性机构化意愿的决定因素。应针对不同性别的农村单身老年人制定有针对性的政策。
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