Testai Lara, Calderone Vincenzo
Department of Farmacia, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6 56120 Pisa, Italy.
Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, via Del Borghetto, 80 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Nutrients. 2017 May 16;9(5):502. doi: 10.3390/nu9050502.
Background- Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, dyslipidaemia and coronary artery pathology, are a major cause of illness and death in Western countries. Therefore, identifying effective therapeutic approaches and their cellular signalling pathways is a challenging goal for medicine. In this regard, several epidemiological studies demonstrate a relationship between the intake of flavonoid-rich foods and the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. In particular, flavonoids present in citrus fruits, such as oranges, bergamots, lemons and grapefruit (95% from flavanones), are emerging for their considerable nutraceutical value. Methods- In this review an examination of literature was performed while considering both epidemiological, clinical and pre-clinical evidence supporting the beneficial role of the flavanone class. We evaluated studies in which citrus fruit juices or single flavanone administration and cardiovascular risk factors were analysed; to identify these studies, an electronic search was conducted in PUBMED for papers fulfilling these criteria and written in English. Results- In addition to epidemiological evidence and clinical studies demonstrating that fruits in the genus significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease risk, pre-clinical investigations highlight cellular and subcellular targets that are responsible for these beneficial effects. There has been special attention on evaluating intracellular pathways involved in direct cardiovascular and cardiometabolic effects mediated by naringenin, hesperetin and eriodictyol or their glycosylated derivatives. Conclusions- Although some mechanisms of action remain unclear and bioavailability problems remain to be solved, the current evidence supports the use of a nutraceutical approach with citrus fruits to prevent and cure several aspects of cardiovascular disease.
背景——心血管疾病，包括心肌梗死、血脂异常和冠状动脉病变，是西方国家疾病和死亡的主要原因。因此，确定有效的治疗方法及其细胞信号通路是医学面临的一项具有挑战性的目标。在这方面，多项流行病学研究表明，摄入富含黄酮类化合物的食物与降低心血管危险因素及死亡率之间存在关联。特别是，柑橘类水果（如橙子、佛手柑、柠檬和葡萄柚）中含有的黄酮类化合物（95%来自黄烷酮）因其显著的营养保健价值而受到关注。
方法——在本综述中，我们对文献进行了研究，同时考虑了支持黄烷酮类有益作用的流行病学、临床和临床前证据。我们评估了分析柑橘类果汁或单一黄烷酮给药与心血管危险因素的研究；为了找出这些研究，我们在PUBMED上进行了电子检索，以查找符合这些标准且用英文撰写的论文。
结果——除了流行病学证据和临床研究表明该属水果能显著降低心血管疾病风险的发生率外，临床前研究还突出了导致这些有益作用的细胞和亚细胞靶点。特别关注了评估由柚皮素、橙皮素和圣草酚或其糖基化衍生物介导的直接心血管和心脏代谢作用所涉及的细胞内途径。
结论——尽管一些作用机制仍不明确，生物利用度问题也有待解决，但目前的证据支持采用食用柑橘类水果的营养保健方法来预防和治疗心血管疾病的多个方面。
