Christen A G, Armstrong W R, McDaniel R K
J Am Dent Assoc. 1979 Apr;98(4):584-6. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1979.0100.
Dentists should be aware that snuff dipping or chewing is increasing in southern states and perhaps in other sections of the United States. These habits can lead to clinical leukoplakia, gingival recession, tooth abrasion, and periodontal bone destruction. The possibility also exists that a malignant transformation of leukoplakia can develop in persons who use snuff and other forms of tobacco.
牙医应意识到,在美国南部各州乃至其他地区,鼻烟蘸吸或咀嚼行为正呈上升趋势。这些习惯可导致临床白斑、牙龈退缩、牙齿磨损和牙周骨破坏。使用鼻烟及其他烟草形式的人群中,白斑发生恶性转化的可能性也存在。