Metabolic Regulation of the Immune Humoral Response.

Productive humoral responses require that naive B cells and their differentiated progeny move among distinct micro-environments. In this review, we discuss how studies are beginning to address the nature of these niches as well as the interplay between cellular signaling, metabolic programming, and adaptation to the locale. Recent work adds evidence to the expectation that B cells at distinct stages of development or functional subsets are influenced by the altered profiles of nutrients and metabolic by-products that distinguish these sites. Moreover, emerging findings reveal a cross-talk among the external milieu, signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors that direct B cell fate in the periphery.