a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Delaware , Newark , USA.
b Department of Psychology , Rice University , Houston , USA.
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2017 Oct-Dec;34(7-8):440-448. doi: 10.1080/02643294.2017.1321537. Epub 2017 May 17.
Historically, single-case studies of brain-damaged individuals have contributed substantially to our understanding of cognitive processes. However, the role of single-case cognitive neuropsychology has diminished with the proliferation of techniques that measure neural activity in humans. Instead, large-scale informatics approaches in which data are gathered from hundreds of neuroimaging studies have become popular. It has been claimed that utilizing these informatics approaches can address problems found in single imaging studies. We first discuss reasons for why cognitive neuropsychology is thought to be in decline. Next, we note how these informatics approaches, while having benefits, are not particularly suited for understanding functional architectures. We propose that the single-case cognitive neuropsychological approach, which is focused on developing models of cognitive processing, addresses several of the weaknesses inherent in informatics approaches. Furthermore, we discuss how using neural data from brain-damaged individuals provides data that can inform both cognitive and neural models of cognitive processing.
从历史上看，对脑损伤个体的单案例研究为我们理解认知过程做出了重大贡献。然而，随着测量人类神经活动的技术的大量涌现，单案例认知神经心理学的作用已经减弱。相反，从数百项神经影像学研究中收集数据的大规模信息学方法变得流行起来。有人声称，利用这些信息学方法可以解决单影像研究中发现的问题。我们首先讨论为什么认知神经心理学被认为正在衰落的原因。接下来，我们注意到这些信息学方法虽然有好处，但并不特别适合理解功能架构。我们提出，以开发认知处理模型为重点的单案例认知神经心理学方法解决了信息学方法固有的几个弱点。此外，我们讨论了使用脑损伤个体的神经数据如何提供既能为认知模型又能为神经模型提供信息的认知处理数据。
