红葡萄酒消费对心血管健康的影响。

Impact of Red Wine Consumption on Cardiovascular Health.

机构信息

First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.

IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy.

出版信息

Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(19):3542-3566. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170518100606.

DOI:10.2174/0929867324666170518100606

PMID:28521683

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The devastating effects of heavy alcohol drinking have been long time recognized. In the last decades, potential benefits of modest red wine drinking were suggested. In European countries in which red wide intake is not negligible (such as France), the association between cholesterol and cardiovascular (CV) risk was less evident, suggesting the action of some protective molecules in red wine or other foods and drinks.

METHODS

This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to May 2016. The search terms we used were: "red wine, cardiovascular, alcohol" in combination with "polyphenols, heart failure, infarction".

RESULTS

Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence of a J-shaped relationship between red wine intake and CV risk further supported the "French paradox". Specific components of red wine both in vitro and in animal models were discovered. Polyphenols and especially resveratrol largely contribute to CV prevention mainly through antioxidant properties. They exert beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic diseases, thus reducing the risk of adverse CV events such as myocardial infarction ischemic stroke and heart failure. Of interest, recent studies pointed out the role of ethanol itself as a potential cardioprotective agent, but a clear epidemiological evidence is still missing. The aim of this narrative review is to update current knowledge on the intracellular mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols and ethanol. Furthermore, we summarized the results of epidemiological studies, emphasizing their methodological criticisms and the need for randomized clinical trials able to clarify the potential role of red wine consumption in reducing CV risk.

CONCLUSION

Caution in avowing underestimation of the global burden of alcohol-related diseases was particularly used.

摘要

背景

长期以来，人们一直认识到大量饮酒的破坏性影响。在过去的几十年中，有人提出适量饮用红葡萄酒可能具有益处。在红葡萄酒摄入量不可忽视的欧洲国家（如法国），胆固醇与心血管（CV）风险之间的关联不太明显，这表明红葡萄酒或其他食物和饮料中存在一些保护性分子。

方法

本叙述性评论基于截至 2016 年 5 月通过 PubMed 搜索和获取的材料。我们使用的搜索词是：“红葡萄酒，心血管，酒精”，与“多酚，心力衰竭，梗塞”相结合。

结果

红葡萄酒摄入量与 CV 风险之间呈 J 形关系的流行病学和机制证据进一步支持了“法国悖论”。在体外和动物模型中发现了红葡萄酒的特定成分。多酚，尤其是白藜芦醇，主要通过抗氧化特性对 CV 预防有很大贡献。它们对内皮功能障碍和高血压，血脂异常，代谢疾病有益，从而降低了心肌梗塞，缺血性中风和心力衰竭等不良 CV 事件的风险。有趣的是，最近的研究指出了乙醇本身作为一种潜在的心脏保护剂的作用，但仍缺乏明确的流行病学证据。本叙述性评论的目的是更新多酚和乙醇的细胞内机制对心脏保护作用的最新知识。此外，我们总结了流行病学研究的结果，强调了其方法学批评以及需要进行能够阐明红葡萄酒消费在降低 CV 风险方面的潜在作用的随机临床试验。