Shafiee Gita, Keshtkar Abbasali, Soltani Akbar, Ahadi Zeinab, Larijani Bagher, Heshmat Ramin
Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2017 May 16;16:21. doi: 10.1186/s40200-017-0302-x. eCollection 2017.
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass and function, is one of the most important health problems in elderly with a high rate of adverse outcomes. However, several studies have investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia in the world, the results have been inconsistent. The current systematic review and meta- analysis study was conducted to estimate the overall prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders in different regions of the world.
Electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS and Web of Science were searched between January 2009 and December 2016. The population- based studies that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in healthy adults aged ≥ 60 years using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) definitions, were selected. According to these consensual definitions, sarcopenia was defined by presence of low muscle mass (adjusted appendicular muscle mass for height) and muscle strength (handgrip strength) or physical performance (the usual gait speed). The random effect model was used for estimation the prevalence of sarcopenia. The sex-specific prevalence of sarcopenia and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the Binomial Exact Method. Heterogeneity was assessed by subgroup analysis.
Thirty- five articles met our inclusion criteria, with a total of 58404 individuals. The overall estimates of prevalence was 10% (95% CI: 8-12%) in men and 10% (95% CI: 8-13%) in women, respectively. The prevalence was higher among non- Asian than Asian individuals in both genders especially, when the Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was used to measure muscle mass (19% vs 10% in men; 20% vs 11% in women).
Despite the differences encountered between the studies, regarding diagnostic tools used to measure of muscle mass and different regions of the world for estimating parameters of sarcopenia, present systematic review revealed that a substantial proportion of the old people has sarcopenia, even in healthy populations. However, sarcopenia is as a consequence of the aging progress, early diagnosis can prevent some adverse outcomes.
肌肉减少症是一种与年龄相关的肌肉质量和功能下降，是老年人中最重要的健康问题之一，不良后果发生率很高。然而，多项研究调查了全球肌肉减少症的患病率，结果并不一致。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在估计世界不同地区男女性肌肉减少症的总体患病率。
检索了2009年1月至2016年12月期间的电子数据库，包括MEDLINE（通过PubMed）、SCOPUS和科学网。纳入基于人群的研究，这些研究使用欧洲老年人肌肉减少症工作组（EWGSOP）、国际肌肉减少症工作组（IWGS）和亚洲肌肉减少症工作组（AWGS）的定义，报告了年龄≥60岁的健康成年人中肌肉减少症的患病率。根据这些共识定义，肌肉减少症的定义为存在低肌肉量（根据身高调整的四肢肌肉量）和肌肉力量（握力）或身体表现（通常的步态速度）。采用随机效应模型估计肌肉减少症的患病率。使用二项式精确法计算肌肉减少症的性别特异性患病率和95%置信区间（CI）。通过亚组分析评估异质性。
35篇文章符合纳入标准，共58404人。男性患病率总体估计为10%（95%CI：8-12%），女性为10%（95%CI：8-13%）。在两性中，非亚洲人的患病率高于亚洲人，尤其是当使用生物电阻抗分析（BIA）测量肌肉量时（男性为19%对10%；女性为20%对11%）。
尽管研究之间存在差异，包括用于测量肌肉量的诊断工具以及世界不同地区用于估计肌肉减少症参数的差异，但本系统评价显示，即使在健康人群中，也有相当比例的老年人患有肌肉减少症。然而，肌肉减少症是衰老进程的结果，早期诊断可以预防一些不良后果。
