Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Food Res Int. 2017 Jun;96:226-234. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.010. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Grape pomace (GP) is a rich source of polyphenols with antioxidant capacity. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of GP phenolic compounds included at 5 and 10%, and the addition (individually or combined) of hydrolyzing enzymes (carbohydrase enzyme complex and tannase at 500ppm) on intestinal utilization of catechins and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. A diet supplemented with 200ppm of α-tocopheryl acetate was also used. Our findings demonstrate the capacity of chickens to digest the monomeric (catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, and epicatechin-O-gallate) and dimeric (procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2) catechins present in grape pomace. The addition of enzymes (mainly tannase) hydrolyzed the polymeric structures into smaller catechins, but also promoted a lower digestibility of the monomeric and dimeric catechins suggesting that polymeric structures might favour the intestinal utilization of these catechins. The intestinal accumulation of phenolic compounds generated with tannase and with 10% GP reversed the antimicrobial effect against Clostridium perfringens observed with 5% of GP. Grape pomace improved the antioxidant status of the bird, increasing the α-tocopherol and reducing the iron content on plasma, not affecting the plasma gluthatione. Enzymes modified the intestinal utilization of catechins but not additional protective effect was detected on any of the parameters analyzed to evaluate the antioxidant status.
葡萄渣（GP）是一种富含多酚类物质、具有抗氧化能力的物质。本实验旨在研究在饲料中添加 5%和 10%的 GP 酚类化合物，以及单独或联合添加 500ppm 的水解酶（碳水化合物酶复合物和单宁酶）对肠道中单宁酸的利用和肉鸡抗氧化状态的影响。实验还添加了 200ppm 的α-生育酚乙酸酯。我们的研究结果表明，鸡能够消化葡萄渣中存在的单体（儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子酸和表儿茶素-O-没食子酸）和二聚体（原花青素 B1 和原花青素 B2）儿茶素。添加酶（主要是单宁酶）可以将聚合结构水解成较小的儿茶素，但也会降低单体和二聚体儿茶素的消化率，这表明聚合结构可能有利于这些儿茶素在肠道中的利用。用单宁酶和 10%的 GP 产生的酚类化合物在肠道中的积累，逆转了 5%的 GP 对产气荚膜梭菌的抗菌作用。葡萄渣提高了鸡的抗氧化状态，增加了α-生育酚的含量，降低了血浆中的铁含量，但对血浆谷胱甘肽没有影响。酶改变了肠道对儿茶素的利用，但在分析抗氧化状态的任何参数中都没有检测到额外的保护作用。
