Costa Mónica M, Alfaia Cristina M, Lopes Paula A, Pestana José M, Prates José A M
CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug 30;12(17):2239. doi: 10.3390/ani12172239.
Grape by-products are exceptional options for replacement of conventional and unsustainable feed sources, since large amounts are generated every year from the winery industry. However, the majority is wasted with severe environmental and economic consequences. The present review aimed to evaluate the effects of grape by-products on pig and poultry growth performance. The most recent literature was reviewed using ScienceDirect and PubMed databases and the results of a total of 16 and 38 papers for pigs and poultry, respectively, were assessed. Fewer studies are documented for pig, but the incorporation of grape by-products up to 9% feed led to an improvement in growth performance with an increase in average daily gain. Conversely, lower levels (<3% feed) are needed to achieve these results in poultry. The beneficial effects of grape by-products on animal performance are mainly due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and gut morphology modulator properties, but their high level of cell wall lignification and content of polyphenolic compounds (e.g., tannin) limits nutrient digestion and absorption by monogastric animals. The use of exogenous enzymes or mechanical/chemical processes can provide additional nutritional value to these products by improving nutrient bioavailability. Overall, the valorization of grape by-products is imperative to use them as feed alternatives and intestinal health promoters, thereby contributing to boost circular agricultural economy.
葡萄副产品是替代传统且不可持续饲料来源的绝佳选择，因为酿酒行业每年会产生大量葡萄副产品。然而，大部分葡萄副产品都被浪费了，造成了严重的环境和经济后果。本综述旨在评估葡萄副产品对猪和家禽生长性能的影响。利用ScienceDirect和PubMed数据库对最新文献进行了综述，并分别评估了16篇关于猪和38篇关于家禽的论文结果。关于猪的研究较少，但在饲料中添加高达9%的葡萄副产品可提高生长性能，增加平均日增重。相反，在家禽饲料中添加较低水平（<3%）的葡萄副产品就能达到这些效果。葡萄副产品对动物生长性能的有益影响主要归因于其抗氧化、抗菌和调节肠道形态的特性，但其高水平的细胞壁木质化和多酚类化合物（如单宁）含量限制了单胃动物对营养物质的消化和吸收。使用外源酶或机械/化学处理可以通过提高营养物质的生物利用率，为这些产品提供额外的营养价值。总体而言，必须对葡萄副产品进行增值利用，将其用作饲料替代品和肠道健康促进剂，从而推动循环农业经济的发展。
