Sharma Milan K, Dugan Eliot M, Huang Melissa Y, Jackson Cydney, Pataki Matthew J, Gracey Peter R, McGovern Chloe J, Tako Elad
Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Poult Sci. 2025 May 28;104(8):105364. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105364.
Grape pomace (GP) is an agricultural byproduct rich in bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties that have proven to have strong antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in chickens. As a part of a defense mechanism, coccidiosis initiates oxidative bursts, generating large amounts of free radical species that negatively affect the gut health of chickens. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of GP in broilers infected with coccidiosis on physiological and molecular markers of gut health, immune response, and oxidative status. A total of 120 male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. The four treatment groups were i) non-challenged control without any dietary feed additives (NCC), ii) challenged control without any dietary feed additives (CC), iii) CC with 0.5 % dietary inclusion of concord grape pomace (0.5GP), and iv) CC with 0.75 % dietary inclusion of concord grape pomace (0.75GP). On d 14, broilers grouped in CC, 0.5GP, and 0.75GP were orally inoculated with 20 × doses of commercial live coccidiosis vaccine to induce coccidiosis. Results indicated that 0.75 % inclusion of GP reduced the occurrence and severity of the intestinal lesions associated with Eimeria at d 20 (P<0.05). The inclusion of either 0.5 or 0.75 % of GP improved the intestinal histomorphology in all three sections of the small intestine during the acute and recovery phases of coccidial infection (P<0.05). At d 20, 0.75GP tended to maintain the same level of IL-1β as that of NCC and downregulated the expression of IL-10 (P<0.1). Additionally, during the recovery phase, the CD8+ T-cell population was lower in the 0.75GP group compared to CC and 0.5GP (P=0.059). At d 20, the MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathway was activated due to oxidative burst by coccidial challenge; however, 0.75 % GP inclusion was able to inactivate the path (P<0.05). These findings suggest that grape pomace possesses the potential as a sustainable feed additive to improve gut health, immune response, and oxidative stability in broilers infected with coccidiosis.
葡萄渣（GP）是一种农业副产品，富含具有抗菌、抗氧化和免疫调节特性的生物活性化合物，这些特性已在鸡身上被证明具有强大的抗氧化和免疫调节作用。作为防御机制的一部分，球虫病会引发氧化爆发，产生大量自由基，对鸡的肠道健康产生负面影响。本研究旨在评估在感染球虫病的肉鸡日粮中添加GP对肠道健康、免疫反应和氧化状态的生理及分子指标的影响。总共120只雄性肉鸡被随机分配到四种处理之一。四个处理组分别为：i）不添加任何日粮饲料添加剂的未受挑战对照组（NCC），ii）不添加任何日粮饲料添加剂的受挑战对照组（CC），iii）日粮中添加0.5%康科德葡萄渣的CC组（0.5GP），以及iv）日粮中添加0.75%康科德葡萄渣的CC组（0.75GP）。在第14天，将分组在CC、0.5GP和0.75GP组的肉鸡口服接种20倍剂量的商业活球虫病疫苗以诱导球虫病。结果表明，添加0.75%的GP可降低第20天时与艾美耳球虫相关的肠道病变的发生率和严重程度（P<0.05）。在球虫感染的急性期和恢复期，添加0.5%或0.75%的GP均可改善小肠所有三段的肠道组织形态（P<0.05）。在第20天，0.75GP组的IL-1β水平倾向于维持与NCC组相同的水平，并下调IL-10的表达（P<0.1）。此外,在恢复期，0.75GP组的CD8+ T细胞群体低于CC组和0.5GP组（P=0.059）。在第20天，由于球虫攻击引发的氧化爆发激活了MAPK-Nrf2/ARE通路；然而，添加0.75% GP能够使该通路失活（P<0.05）。这些研究结果表明，葡萄渣具有作为可持续饲料添加剂来改善感染球虫病肉鸡的肠道健康、免疫反应和氧化稳定性的潜力。
