Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
Department of Analytical Research and Development, Lyrus Life Sciences, Bengaluru 560033, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Oct;103:621-629. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.096. Epub 2017 May 18.
Urolithiasis is a painful disorder in which stones are formed in the kidney, bladder or urethra. There are no proper therapeutic treatments available for kidney stones and people suffering from larger stones have to undergo surgery which has many side effects. A natural remedy with therapeutic effects that can dissipate and remove even the larger stones would eliminate the need of a surgery and the risks associated with it. The flowers of Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis used in culinary recipes in the north eastern India are also widely used as a folklore medicine for the treatment of kidney stones and liver disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic activity of the aqueous extract of P. thyrsiformis flowers and its biofabricated silver nanoparticles against struvite urinary stones and calcium oxalate kidney stones. A kidney stone inhibition study was carried out on struvite stones grown in gel medium and calcium oxalate stones in rat models using an aqueous extract of P. thyrsiformis flowers and its biofabricated silver nanoparticles. The aqueous extract of P. thyrsiformis flowers and their biofabricated silver nanoparticles, obtained by a green synthetic method, were used to treat struvite urinary stones in vitro and calcium oxalate kidney stones in vivo. Struvite stones were grown in tubes by gel diffusion technique and were treated with varying concentrations of the extract and its nanoparticles. The size of the struvite stones was monitored for 96h using a travelling microscope. Calcium oxalate stones were induced in male Wistar rats by feeding ethylene glycol-ammonium chloride mixture for 14days. Both, prophylactic and therapeutic activities were evaluated by analyzing the urine, serum and histopathological parameters of the rats. The qualitative screening of water extract unveiled the presence of flavonoids as a major constituent. Both, the extract and the nanoparticles effectively reduced the size of struvite stones in vitro and eliminated calcium oxalate stones in Wistar rats in vivo. The potent therapeutic activity of both extract and silver nanoparticles was observed as compared to preventive activity. Anti-urolithiatic potency can be attributed to the presence of flavonoids.
尿石症是一种痛苦的疾病，其中结石形成在肾脏、膀胱或尿道中。目前还没有针对肾结石的适当治疗方法，较大结石的患者必须接受手术治疗，而手术有许多副作用。一种具有治疗效果的天然疗法，可以消散和去除即使是较大的结石，将消除手术的需要以及与之相关的风险。在印度东北部的烹饪食谱中使用的肾蕨花，也被广泛用作治疗肾结石和肝脏疾病的民间药物。本研究的目的是评估肾蕨花的水提取物及其生物制造的银纳米粒子对鸟粪石和草酸钙肾结石的预防和治疗活性。在凝胶培养基中进行鸟粪石结石生长的肾结石抑制研究和在大鼠模型中进行草酸钙结石生长的肾结石抑制研究，使用肾蕨花的水提取物及其生物制造的银纳米粒子。通过绿色合成方法获得的肾蕨花的水提取物及其生物制造的银纳米粒子用于治疗体外鸟粪石尿石症和体内草酸钙肾结石。通过凝胶扩散技术在试管中生长鸟粪石结石，并使用不同浓度的提取物及其纳米粒子进行处理。使用巡回显微镜监测 96 小时内鸟粪石结石的大小。通过喂食乙二醇-氯化铵混合物 14 天在雄性 Wistar 大鼠中诱导草酸钙结石。通过分析大鼠的尿液、血清和组织病理学参数来评估预防和治疗活性。水提取物的定性筛选揭示了黄酮类化合物作为主要成分的存在。提取物和纳米粒子都能有效地减小体外鸟粪石结石的大小，并消除体内 Wistar 大鼠的草酸钙结石。与预防活性相比，观察到提取物和银纳米粒子的强大治疗活性。抗尿石症活性可归因于黄酮类化合物的存在。
