Xu Guan, Qin Ming, Mukundan Ananya, Siddiqui Javed, Takada Marilia, Vilar-Saavedra Paulo, Tomlins Scott A, Kopelman Raoul, Wang Xueding
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan.
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan.
Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2016 Feb 13;9708. doi: 10.1117/12.2213064. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
During the past decades, prostate cancer (PCa), with an annual incident rate much higher than any other cancer, is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men. PCa has a relatively low progression rate yet the survival percentage decreases dramatically once the cancer has metastasized. Identifying aggressive from indolent PCa to prevent metastasis and death is critical to improve outcomes for patients with PCa. Standard procedure for assessing the aggressiveness of PCa involves the removal of tumor tissues by transrectal (TR) ultrasound (US) guided needle biopsy. The microscopic architecture of the biopsied tissue is visualized by histological or immunohistochemical staining procedures. The heterogeneity of the microscopic architecture is characterized by a Gleason score, a quantitative description of the aggressiveness of PCa. Due to the inability to identify the cancer cells, most noninvasive imaging modalities can only provide diagnosis of PCa at limited accuracy. This study investigates the feasibility of identifying PCa tumors and characterizing the aggressiveness of PCa by photoacoustic imaging assisted by cancer targeting polyacrylamide (PAA) nanoparticles (NPs). PAA is a biocompatible material used in clinics for the past 20 years. PAA NPs can protect capsulated optical contrast agents from interference by enzymes and enable prolonged systematic circulation in the living biological environment. The cancer targeting mechanism is achieved by conjugating the NPs to F3 peptides, which trace nucleolin overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells. Preliminary studies have shown that the NPs are capable of staining the PCa cells .
在过去几十年中，前列腺癌（PCa）是美国男性中最常被诊断出的癌症，其年发病率远高于其他任何癌症。PCa的进展速度相对较低，但一旦癌症发生转移，生存率会急剧下降。区分侵袭性前列腺癌和惰性前列腺癌以预防转移和死亡对于改善前列腺癌患者的治疗效果至关重要。评估PCa侵袭性的标准程序包括经直肠（TR）超声（US）引导下的穿刺活检以获取肿瘤组织。通过组织学或免疫组织化学染色程序可以观察活检组织的微观结构。微观结构的异质性通过Gleason评分来表征，这是对PCa侵袭性的定量描述。由于无法识别癌细胞，大多数非侵入性成像方式只能以有限的准确性诊断PCa。本研究调查了通过靶向癌症的聚丙烯酰胺（PAA）纳米颗粒（NPs）辅助的光声成像来识别PCa肿瘤并表征其侵袭性的可行性。PAA是一种在过去20年中用于临床的生物相容性材料。PAA NPs可以保护封装的光学造影剂免受酶的干扰，并使其在生物活体环境中实现长时间的血液循环。癌症靶向机制是通过将NPs与F3肽偶联来实现的，F3肽可追踪癌细胞表面过度表达的核仁素。初步研究表明，这些NPs能够对PCa细胞进行染色。
