Harding John D
ILAR J. 2017 Dec 1;58(2):141-150. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilx033.
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are the closest animal models to humans regarding genetics, physiology and behavior. Therefore, NHPs are usually a critical component in translational research projects aimed at developing therapeutics, vaccines, devices or other interventions aimed at preventing, curing or ameliorating human disease. NHPs are often used in conjunction with other animal models, such as rodents, and results obtained using NHPs must often be used as the final criterion for establishing the potential efficacy of a pharmaceutical or vaccine before transition to human clinical trails. In some cases, NHPs may be the only relevant animal models for a particlular translational study. This issue of the ILAR journal brings together, in one place, articles that discuss the use of NHP models for studying human diseases that are highly prevalent and that cause extraordinary human suffering and financial and social burdens. Topics covered in detail include: tuberculosis; viral hepatitis; HIV/AIDS; neurodegenerative disorders; Substance abuse disorders; vision and prevention of blindness; disorder associated with psychosocial processes, such as anxiety, depression and loneliness; cardiovascular disease; metabolic disease, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; respiratory disease; and female reproduction, prenatal development and women's health. Proper husbandry of NHPs that reduces stress and maintains animal health is critical for the development of NHP models. This issue of the journal includes a review of procedures for environmental enrichment, which helps assure animal health and wellbeing. Taken together, these articles provide detailed reviews of the use of NHP models for translational investigations and discuss successes, limitations, challenges and opportunities associated with this research.
就遗传学、生理学和行为而言，非人灵长类动物（NHPs）是与人类最接近的动物模型。因此，在旨在开发治疗方法、疫苗、设备或其他旨在预防、治愈或改善人类疾病的干预措施的转化研究项目中，NHPs通常是关键组成部分。NHPs经常与其他动物模型（如啮齿动物）结合使用，在过渡到人体临床试验之前，使用NHPs获得的结果通常必须用作确定药物或疫苗潜在疗效的最终标准。在某些情况下，NHPs可能是特定转化研究的唯一相关动物模型。本期《国际实验动物科学学会（ILAR）杂志》汇集了一系列文章，这些文章讨论了使用NHPs模型来研究高发性、给人类带来巨大痛苦以及造成经济和社会负担的人类疾病。详细涵盖的主题包括：结核病；病毒性肝炎；艾滋病毒/艾滋病；神经退行性疾病；药物滥用障碍；视力与失明预防；与心理社会过程相关的疾病，如焦虑、抑郁和孤独感；心血管疾病；代谢性疾病，如肥胖和代谢综合征；呼吸系统疾病；以及女性生殖、产前发育和妇女健康。对NHPs进行适当饲养以减轻压力并维持动物健康对于NHPs模型的开发至关重要。本期杂志包括一篇关于环境富集程序的综述，这有助于确保动物健康和幸福。这些文章共同提供了对使用NHPs模型进行转化研究的详细综述，并讨论了与此类研究相关的成功之处、局限性、挑战和机遇。
