加拿大农村和偏远社区的护士：一项全国性调查。
Nurses who work in rural and remote communities in Canada: a national survey.
作者信息
MacLeod Martha L P, Stewart Norma J, Kulig Judith C, Anguish Penny, Andrews Mary Ellen, Banner Davina, Garraway Leana, Hanlon Neil, Karunanayake Chandima, Kilpatrick Kelley, Koren Irene, Kosteniuk Julie, Martin-Misener Ruth, Mix Nadine, Moffitt Pertice, Olynick Janna, Penz Kelly, Sluggett Larine, Van Pelt Linda, Wilson Erin, Zimmer Lela
机构信息
School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, E Wing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
出版信息
Hum Resour Health. 2017 May 23;15(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12960-017-0209-0.
BACKGROUND
In Canada, as in other parts of the world, there is geographic maldistribution of the nursing workforce, and insufficient attention is paid to the strengths and needs of those providing care in rural and remote settings. In order to inform workforce planning, a national study, Nursing Practice in Rural and Remote Canada II, was conducted with the rural and remote regulated nursing workforce (registered nurses, nurse practitioners, licensed or registered practical nurses, and registered psychiatric nurses) with the intent of informing policy and planning about improving nursing services and access to care. In this article, the study methods are described along with an examination of the characteristics of the rural and remote nursing workforce with a focus on important variations among nurse types and regions.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey used a mailed questionnaire with persistent follow-up to achieve a stratified systematic sample of 3822 regulated nurses from all provinces and territories, living outside of the commuting zones of large urban centers and in the north of Canada.
RESULTS
Rural workforce characteristics reported here suggest the persistence of key characteristics noted in a previous Canada-wide survey of rural registered nurses (2001-2002), namely the aging of the rural nursing workforce, the growth in baccalaureate education for registered nurses, and increasing casualization. Two thirds of the nurses grew up in a community of under 10 000 people. While nurses' levels of satisfaction with their nursing practice and community are generally high, significant variations were noted by nurse type. Nurses reported coming to rural communities to work for reasons of location, interest in the practice setting, and income, and staying for similar reasons. Important variations were noted by nurse type and region.
CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of the rural nursing workforce in Canada is continuing to decline in relation to the proportion of the Canadian population in rural and remote settings. Survey results about the characteristics and practice of the various types of nurses can support workforce planning to improve nursing services and access to care.
背景
与世界其他地区一样，加拿大存在护理劳动力地理分布不均的情况，且对农村和偏远地区护理人员的优势与需求关注不足。为了为劳动力规划提供信息，开展了一项全国性研究——《加拿大农村和偏远地区护理实践II》，对象是农村和偏远地区的注册护士（包括注册护士、执业护士、持牌或注册实用护士以及注册精神科护士），目的是为改善护理服务和医疗服务可及性的政策与规划提供信息。在本文中，将介绍研究方法，并审视农村和偏远地区护理劳动力的特征，重点关注不同护士类型和地区之间的重要差异。
方法
一项横断面调查采用邮寄问卷并持续跟进，以从所有省份和地区抽取3822名注册护士作为分层系统样本，这些护士居住在大城市中心通勤区以外以及加拿大北部地区。
结果
此处报告的农村劳动力特征表明，之前一项全国性农村注册护士调查（2001 - 2002年）中指出的关键特征依然存在，即农村护理劳动力老龄化、注册护士本科学历人数增加以及临时工化现象加剧。三分之二的护士在人口不足10000人的社区长大。虽然护士对其护理工作和社区的满意度总体较高，但不同护士类型之间存在显著差异。护士们表示，他们来到农村社区工作的原因包括地点、对工作环境的兴趣和收入，留任的原因也类似。不同护士类型和地区之间存在重要差异。
结论
相对于农村和偏远地区的加拿大人口比例，加拿大农村护理劳动力的比例持续下降。关于各类护士特征和实践的调查结果可为劳动力规划提供支持，以改善护理服务和医疗服务可及性。
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