Hasan Md Mahmudul, Hasan Md Mainul, Teixeira da Silva Jaime A, Li Xuexian
The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.
Faculty of Agriculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali Bangladesh.
Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2016 Jul 28;21:7. doi: 10.1186/s11658-016-0008-y. eCollection 2016.
Phosphorus is a poorly bioavailable macronutrient that is essential for crop growth and yield. Overuse of phosphorus fertilizers results in low phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), has serious environmental consequences and accelerates the depletion of phosphorus mineral reserves. It has become extremely challenging to improve PUE while preserving global food supplies and maintaining environmental sustainability. Molecular and genetic analyses have revealed the primary mechanisms of phosphorus uptake and utilization and their relationships to phosphorus transporters, regulators, root architecture, metabolic adaptations, quantitative trait loci, hormonal signaling and microRNA. The ability to improve PUE requires a transition from this knowledge of molecular mechanisms and plant architecture to practical strategies. These could include: i) the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbioses for efficient phosphorus mining and uptake; ii) intercropping with suitable crop species to achieve phosphorus activation and mobilization in the soil; and iii) tissue-specific overexpression of homologous genes with advantageous agronomic properties for higher PUE along with breeding for phosphorus-efficient varieties and introgression of key quantitative trait loci. More effort is required to further dissect the mechanisms controlling phosphorus uptake and utilization within plants and provide new insight into the means to efficiently improve PUE.
磷是一种生物有效性低的大量营养素，对作物生长和产量至关重要。过度使用磷肥会导致磷利用效率（PUE）低下，产生严重的环境后果，并加速磷矿储量的枯竭。在保障全球粮食供应和维持环境可持续性的同时提高磷利用效率已变得极具挑战性。分子和遗传分析揭示了磷吸收和利用的主要机制，以及它们与磷转运体、调节因子、根系结构、代谢适应、数量性状基因座、激素信号传导和微小RNA的关系。提高磷利用效率的能力需要从这种分子机制和植物结构的知识转变为实际策略。这些策略可能包括：i）利用丛枝菌根真菌共生进行高效的磷挖掘和吸收；ii）与合适的作物品种间作，以实现土壤中磷的活化和移动；iii）组织特异性过表达具有有利农艺性状的同源基因以提高磷利用效率，同时培育磷高效品种并导入关键数量性状基因座。需要付出更多努力来进一步剖析植物体内控制磷吸收和利用的机制，并为有效提高磷利用效率的方法提供新的见解。
