Bijarnia Anju, Tetarwal J P, Yadav Rajendra Kumar, Bijrania A L, Singh Deepak, Saini Yonika
Agriculture University, Kota, 324001, Rajasthan, India.
Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 342304, Rajasthan, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 20;10(19):e38194. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38194. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
The primary goal of this study was to analyze how various row ratios of intercrops, in conjunction with different fertilizer levels with spray of two stress mitigating chemical, affect nutrient content, land productivity, and economic viability during season. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the competitive dynamics within legume/cereal intercropping systems. Hence, A field experiment at Agriculture University, Kota, during the summers of 2019 and 2020, investigated different cowpea + baby corn intercropping system's intercropping indices, nutrient dynamics, uptake, and post-harvest soil nutrient balance under varying recommended fertilizer levels and foliar spray of stress mitigating chemicals. Using a split-split plot design replicated four times, the experiment involved thirty treatment combinations, including five intercropping techniques Sole cowpea, sole baby corn, cowpea + baby corn 2:1, cowpea + baby corn 3:1, cowpea + baby corn 4:1 in the main plot, three fertility levels 100 %, 125 % and 150 % recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) in subplots, and two stress mitigation chemicals; CaCl 0.5 % and KNO 1% in sub-subplots. The findings revealed notable trends, including nitrogen (N) and (P) content in cowpea seeds and straw, baby corn cobs and fodder, as well as enhanced land-equivalent ratio (LER) and monetary advantage index (MAI) within the cowpea + baby corn 2:1 row ratio. However, despite these advantages, total N and P uptake were markedly higher in sole crops. Notably, sole cowpea demonstrated the highest actual N and P balance and lowest was under sole baby corn. Among the fertility levels, the 150 % RDF level exhibited the most favorable outcomes across various parameters, including LER, MAI, NP content, and uptake in both crops. Additionally, higher fertility levels correlated with increased apparent and actual soil nutrient balances. While, among stress mitigation chemicals, CaCl 0.5 % resulted in significantly heightened N and P uptake. Hence, to optimize intercropping dynamics and maintain soil nutrient balance, it is advisable to intensify cowpea cultivation along with baby corn in a 2:1 row ratio, utilizing 150 % RDF is beneficial. Additionally, alleviating higher temperature stress during the summer season can be achieved by applying a 0.5 % solution CaCl through spraying at the flowering and pod development stages of cowpea.
本研究的主要目标是分析间作作物的不同行比，结合不同施肥水平以及两种缓解胁迫的化学药剂喷施，如何在季节内影响养分含量、土地生产力和经济可行性。此外，我们旨在探究豆科/谷类间作系统内的竞争动态。因此，2019年和2020年夏季在科塔农业大学进行了一项田间试验，研究了不同豇豆+小玉米间作系统在不同推荐施肥水平和叶面喷施缓解胁迫化学药剂条件下的间作指数、养分动态、养分吸收以及收获后土壤养分平衡。采用裂区裂区设计，重复4次，该试验涉及30种处理组合，包括主区的5种间作技术（单作豇豆、单作小玉米、豇豆+小玉米2:1、豇豆+小玉米3:1、豇豆+小玉米4:1）、副区的3种肥力水平（100%、125%和150%推荐施肥量（RDF））以及副副区的两种缓解胁迫化学药剂（0.5%氯化钙和1%硝酸钾）。研究结果揭示了显著趋势，包括豇豆种子和秸秆、小玉米果穗和饲料中的氮（N）和磷（P）含量，以及在豇豆+小玉米2:1行比下提高的土地当量比（LER）和货币优势指数（MAI）。然而，尽管有这些优势，单作作物的总氮和磷吸收量明显更高。值得注意的是，单作豇豆的实际氮和磷平衡最高，单作小玉米的最低。在肥力水平中，150%RDF水平在包括LER、MAI、氮磷含量和两种作物的养分吸收等各种参数方面表现出最有利的结果。此外，较高的肥力水平与表观和实际土壤养分平衡的增加相关。同时，在缓解胁迫化学药剂中，0.5%氯化钙导致氮和磷吸收显著增加。因此，为了优化间作动态并维持土壤养分平衡，建议以2:1的行比加强豇豆与小玉米的种植，施用150%RDF是有益的。此外，在豇豆的开花和结荚期通过喷施0.5%氯化钙溶液可以缓解夏季的高温胁迫。
