De Giglio Osvalda, Caggiano Giuseppina, Bagordo Francesco, Barbuti Giovanna, Brigida Silvia, Lugoli Federica, Grassi Tiziana, La Rosa Giuseppina, Lucentini Luca, Uricchio Vito Felice, De Donno Antonella, Montagna Maria Teresa
Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Monteroni di Lecce, 73047 Lecce, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 May 24;14(6):558. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14060558.
According to Italian Ministerial Decree No. 185 of 12 June 2003, water is considered suitable for irrigation if levels of fecal bacteria (i.e., and ) are within certain parameters. The detection of other microorganisms is not required. The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological quality of groundwater used for irrigation and the occurrence of enteric viruses (Norovirus, Enterovirus, Rotavirus, Hepatovirus A), and to compare the presence of viruses with the fecal bacteria indicators. A total of 182 wells was analyzed. Widespread fecal contamination of Apulian aquifers was detected (141 wells; 77.5%) by the presence of fecal bacteria (i.e., , , total coliforms, and enterococci). Considering bacteria included in Ministerial Decree No. 185, the water from 35 (19.2%) wells was unsuitable for irrigation purposes. Among 147 wells with water considered suitable, Norovirus, Rotavirus, and Enterovirus were detected in 23 (15.6%) wells. No Hepatovirus A was isolated. Consequently, 58 wells (31.9%) posed a potential infectious risk for irrigation use. This study revealed the inadequacy of fecal bacteria indicators to predict the occurrence of viruses in groundwater and it is the first in Italy to describe the presence of human rotaviruses in well water used for irrigation.
根据意大利2003年6月12日第185号部长令，若粪便细菌（即 和 ）水平在特定参数范围内，则该水被认为适合灌溉。无需检测其他微生物。本研究的目的是确定用于灌溉的地下水的细菌学质量以及肠道病毒（诺如病毒、肠道病毒、轮状病毒、甲型肝炎病毒）的存在情况，并比较病毒的存在与粪便细菌指标。共分析了182口井。通过粪便细菌（即 、 、总大肠菌群和肠球菌）的存在检测到普利亚含水层存在广泛的粪便污染（141口井；77.5%）。考虑到第185号部长令中包含的细菌，35口（19.2%）井的水不适合灌溉用途。在147口被认为水适合的井中，23口（15.6%）井检测到诺如病毒、轮状病毒和肠道病毒。未分离出甲型肝炎病毒。因此，58口井（31.9%）对灌溉用水构成潜在感染风险。本研究揭示了粪便细菌指标在预测地下水中病毒存在方面的不足，并且这是意大利首次描述用于灌溉的井水中存在人类轮状病毒。
