Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
Biomolecules. 2021 Mar 9;11(3):404. doi: 10.3390/biom11030404.
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
牛奶消费是西方工业化国家基本营养习惯的一部分。最近的流行病学研究将牛奶的摄入与过度激活机械性靶标雷帕霉素复合物 1（mTORC1）信号相关的疾病风险联系起来。本综述介绍了将牛奶消费与 mTORC1 调节相关的当前流行病学和转化证据，mTORC1 是真核细胞生长的主开关。流行病学研究证实，牛奶消费与出生体重、体重指数、初潮、儿童期线性生长、寻常痤疮、2 型糖尿病、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肝细胞癌、弥漫性大 B 细胞淋巴瘤、神经退行性疾病和全因死亡率之间存在相关性。因此，长期持续饮用牛奶会增加 mTORC1 驱动的文明病风险。牛奶是一种高度保守的、受泌乳基因控制的信号系统，作为一种母胎间的信号传递系统，优化物种特异性地激活 mTORC1，mTORC1 是真核细胞生长调控的枢纽，也是自噬的控制开关。更深入地了解牛奶对 mTORC1 信号的影响对于预防常见的文明病至关重要。
