Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Center for the Neural Bases of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Addiction. 2017 Nov;112(11):1961-1970. doi: 10.1111/add.13882. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
(1) To identify trajectories of cannabis use across adolescence, (2) to measure the influence of cannabis use characteristics on functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and (3) to assess whether patterns of functional connectivity related to cannabis use are associated with psychosocial functioning 2 years later.
The Pitt Mother and Child Project (PMCP) is a prospective, longitudinal study of male youth at high risk for psychopathology based on family income and gender.
Participants were recruited between age 6 and 17 months from the Women, Infants and Children Nutritional Supplement program (WIC) in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area.
A total of 158 PMCP young men contributed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and substance use data at age 20 years.
Latent class growth analysis was used to determine trajectories of cannabis use frequency from age 14 to 19 years. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was used to measure functional connectivity between the NAcc and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Adolescent cannabis use trajectory, recent frequency of use and age of initiation were considered as developmental factors. We also tested whether functional connectivity was associated with depressive symptoms, anhedonia and educational attainment at age 22.
We identified three distinct trajectories of adolescent cannabis use, characterized by stable high, escalating or stable low use. The cannabis use trajectory group had a significant effect on NAcc functional connectivity to the medial PFC (F = 11.32, Z = 4.04, P = 0.000). The escalating trajectory group displayed a pattern of negative NAcc-mPFC connectivity that was linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms (r = -0.17, P < .05), anhedonia (r = -0.19, P < .05) and lower educational attainment (t = -2.77, P < .01) at age 22.
Pattern of cannabis use frequency across adolescence in US youth could have consequences for mood symptoms and educational attainment in early adulthood via altered function in neural reward circuitry.
(1) 确定青少年时期大麻使用的轨迹，(2) 测量大麻使用特征对伏隔核（NAcc）功能连接的影响，(3) 评估与大麻使用相关的功能连接模式是否与 2 年后的心理社会功能相关。
匹兹堡母子项目（PMCP）是一项基于家庭收入和性别对有精神病理学高风险的男性青年进行的前瞻性、纵向研究。
参与者是从宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡地区的妇女、婴儿和儿童营养补充计划（WIC）中招募的，年龄在 6 至 17 个月之间。
共有 158 名 PMCP 年轻男性在 20 岁时提供了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和物质使用数据。
潜在类别增长分析用于确定从 14 岁到 19 岁的大麻使用频率轨迹。心理生理交互（PPI）分析用于测量伏隔核和前额叶皮层（PFC）之间的功能连接。青少年大麻使用轨迹、最近使用频率和起始年龄被视为发育因素。我们还测试了功能连接是否与 22 岁时的抑郁症状、快感缺失和教育程度有关。
我们确定了青少年大麻使用的三种不同轨迹，特征为稳定的高、逐渐升高或稳定的低使用。大麻使用轨迹组对 NAcc 与内侧 PFC 的功能连接有显著影响（F=11.32，Z=4.04，P=0.000）。上升轨迹组显示出负 NAcc-mPFC 连接模式，与较高水平的抑郁症状（r=-0.17，P<0.05）、快感缺失（r=-0.19，P<0.05）和较低的教育程度（t=-2.77，P<0.01）相关。
美国青少年青少年时期大麻使用频率的模式可能通过改变神经奖励回路的功能，对成年早期的情绪症状和教育程度产生影响。
