Shadel William G, Martino Steven C, Setodji Claude, Cervone Daniel, Witkiewitz Katie
RAND Corporation, 4570 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
RAND Corporation, 4570 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
Addict Behav. 2017 Oct;73:199-203. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.018. Epub 2017 May 20.
Self-efficacy has been associated with smoking cessation outcomes in many correlational research studies, but strong causal inferences are lacking. This study tested whether self-efficacy affects initial smoking cessation in a laboratory experiment, which will allow for stronger causal inferences in this domain of inquiry. Participants (n=103 motivated adult smokers) were provided with brief cessation treatment over three days in preparation for quitting on a target quit day (TQD). In addition, participants were randomized to one of two standard self-efficacy manipulations in the form of bogus feedback about their chances of quitting smoking. Participants in the Average Chances of Quitting (ACQ) condition took a computerized test and were told (falsely) that the test showed that they had the same chances of quitting as everyone else in the study. Participants in the High Chances of Quitting (HCQ) condition took the same computerized test and were told (falsely) that the test showed that they had a greater chance of quitting compared to everyone else in the study. The main outcome was whether participants were able to quit for 24h on the TQD. Results revealed that HCQ participants had a significantly greater chance of quitting smoking compared to ACQ participants. However, these effects were not attributable to changes in self-efficacy brought about by the manipulation. An exploration of other potential mediators showed that the manipulation actually influenced smoking outcome expectancies, and changes in these outcome expectancies influenced initial smoking cessation. The results highlight the conceptual and empirical challenges with manipulating self-efficacy in the smoking literature.
在许多相关性研究中，自我效能感都与戒烟结果相关，但缺乏有力的因果推断。本研究在实验室实验中测试了自我效能感是否会影响最初的戒烟情况，这将使在该研究领域得出更强有力的因果推断成为可能。参与者（n = 103名有戒烟意愿的成年吸烟者）在三天内接受了简短的戒烟治疗，为在目标戒烟日（TQD）戒烟做准备。此外，参与者被随机分为两种标准自我效能感操纵方式之一，形式为关于他们戒烟可能性的虚假反馈。“平均戒烟可能性”（ACQ）组的参与者进行了一次计算机化测试，并被告知（错误地）该测试表明他们的戒烟可能性与研究中的其他所有人相同。“高戒烟可能性”（HCQ）组的参与者进行了相同的计算机化测试，并被告知（错误地）该测试表明他们比研究中的其他所有人有更大的戒烟机会。主要结果是参与者在目标戒烟日是否能够连续24小时戒烟。结果显示，与ACQ组参与者相比，HCQ组参与者戒烟的可能性显著更高。然而，这些影响并非归因于操纵所带来的自我效能感变化。对其他潜在中介因素的探索表明，该操纵实际上影响了吸烟结果预期，而这些结果预期的变化影响了最初的戒烟情况。研究结果凸显了在吸烟文献中操纵自我效能感所面临的概念和实证挑战。
