1Department of Epidemiology,University of Michigan School of Public Health,Ann Arbor,MI,USA.
3Fundación para Investigación en Nutrición y Salud (FINUSAD),Bogotá,Colombia.
Public Health Nutr. 2018 Jan;21(1):142-147. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017000891. Epub 2017 May 30.
To determine if processed and ultra-processed foods consumed by children in Colombia are associated with lower-quality nutrition profiles than less processed foods.
We obtained information on sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and dietary information through dietary records and 24 h recalls from a convenience sample of the Bogotá School Children Cohort. Foods were classified into three categories: (i) unprocessed and minimally processed foods, (ii) processed culinary ingredients and (iii) processed and ultra-processed foods. We also examined the combination of unprocessed foods and processed culinary ingredients.
Representative sample of children from low- to middle-income families in Bogotá, Colombia.
Children aged 5-12 years in 2011 Bogotá School Children Cohort.
We found that processed and ultra-processed foods are of lower dietary quality in general. Nutrients that were lower in processed and ultra-processed foods following adjustment for total energy intake included: n-3 PUFA, vitamins A, B12, C and E, Ca and Zn. Nutrients that were higher in energy-adjusted processed and ultra-processed foods compared with unprocessed foods included: Na, sugar and trans-fatty acids, although we also found that some healthy nutrients, including folate and Fe, were higher in processed and ultra-processed foods compared with unprocessed and minimally processed foods.
Processed and ultra-processed foods generally have unhealthy nutrition profiles. Our findings suggest the categorization of foods based on processing characteristics is promising for understanding the influence of food processing on children's dietary quality. More studies accounting for the type and degree of food processing are needed.
确定哥伦比亚儿童所消费的加工食品和超加工食品是否与营养质量较差的饮食有关，而不是与较少加工的食品有关。
我们通过饮食记录和 24 小时回忆，从波哥大儿童队列的便利样本中获得了社会人口统计学和人体测量学变量以及饮食信息。食物分为三类：（i）未加工和最低限度加工的食物，（ii）加工烹饪成分和（iii）加工和超加工的食物。我们还检查了未加工食品和加工烹饪成分的组合。
哥伦比亚波哥大的中低收入家庭的代表性儿童样本。
2011 年波哥大儿童队列中 5-12 岁的儿童。
我们发现加工和超加工食品的总体饮食质量较低。经过总能量摄入调整后，加工和超加工食品中含量较低的营养素包括：n-3PUFA、维生素 A、B12、C 和 E、Ca 和 Zn。与未加工食品相比，经过能量调整的加工和超加工食品中含量较高的营养素包括：Na、糖和反式脂肪酸，尽管我们还发现一些健康营养素，包括叶酸和 Fe，在加工和超加工食品中比未加工和最低限度加工食品中含量更高。
加工和超加工食品通常具有不健康的营养成分。我们的研究结果表明，基于加工特征对食物进行分类对于理解食物加工对儿童饮食质量的影响具有很大的意义。需要更多考虑食物加工类型和程度的研究。
