Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Dirección de Nutrición, Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Ciudad de México, México.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ciudad de México, México.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2024 Sep;48(9):1292-1299. doi: 10.1038/s41366-024-01552-0. Epub 2024 Jun 8.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity prevalence in Mexican children has increased rapidly and is among the highest in the world. We aimed to estimate the longitudinal association between nonessential energy-dense food (NEDF) consumption and body mass index (BMI) in school-aged children 5 to 11 years, using a cohort study with 6 years of follow-up.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: We studied the offspring of women in the Prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, child growth, and development (POSGRAD) cohort study. NEDF was classified into four main groups: chips and popcorn, sweet bakery products, non-cereal based sweets, and ready-to-eat cereals. We fitted fixed effects models to assess the association between change in NEDF consumption and changes in BMI.
Between 5 and 11 years, children increased their consumption of NEDF by 225 kJ/day (53.9 kcal/day). In fully adjusted models, we found that change in total NEDF was not associated with change in children's BMI (0.033 kg/m, [p = 0.246]). However, BMI increased 0.078 kg/m for every 418.6 kJ/day (100 kcal/day) of sweet bakery products (p = 0.035) in fully adjusted models. For chips and popcorn, BMI increased 0.208 kg/m (p = 0.035), yet, the association was attenuated after adjustment (p = 0.303).
Changes in total NEDF consumption were not associated with changes in BMI in children. However, increases in the consumption of sweet bakery products were associated with BMI gain. NEDF are widely recognized as providing poor nutrition yet, their impact in Mexican children BMI seems to be heterogeneous.
背景/目的：墨西哥儿童的肥胖患病率迅速上升，居世界之首。我们旨在使用一项具有 6 年随访的队列研究，估计非必需能量密集型食物（NEDF）消耗与 5 至 11 岁学龄儿童体重指数（BMI）之间的纵向关联。
受试者/方法：我们研究了产前ω-3 脂肪酸补充、儿童生长和发育（POSGRAD）队列研究中女性的后代。NEDF 分为四个主要组：薯片和爆米花、甜面包产品、非谷物基甜食和即食谷物。我们拟合固定效应模型来评估 NEDF 消耗变化与 BMI 变化之间的关系。
在 5 至 11 岁之间，儿童的 NEDF 消耗量增加了 225kJ/天（53.9kcal/天）。在完全调整的模型中，我们发现总 NEDF 的变化与儿童 BMI 的变化无关（0.033kg/m，p=0.246）。然而，在完全调整的模型中，甜面包产品每增加 418.6kJ/天（100kcal/天），BMI 增加 0.078kg/m（p=0.035）。对于薯片和爆米花，BMI 增加了 0.208kg/m（p=0.035），但在调整后关联减弱（p=0.303）。
NEDF 总消耗量的变化与儿童 BMI 的变化无关。然而，甜面包产品消费的增加与 BMI 的增加有关。NEDF 被广泛认为提供不良营养，但它们对墨西哥儿童 BMI 的影响似乎是异质的。
