Wilczyński Jacek, Cieślik Monika, Maszczyk Adam, Zwierzchowska Anna
Posturology Laboratory, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2022 Apr 26;82:264-273. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0025. eCollection 2022 Apr.
The aim of the research was to analyze body composition, body posture and postural stability of professional male handball players and to determine the differences between players with correct and incorrect body posture, considering power of the lower limbs and agility, speed, and change of direction deficit. The study comprised 16 professional handball players. Body composition analysis was performed using the method of electrical bioimpedance. Body posture was examined using the Diers formetric III 4D optoelectronic method. Postural stability was tested via the Biodex Balance System. Players performed the following fitness tests assessing lower limb muscle power (LP, HS, CMJ), linear speed (SLS 20 m), and COD speed (Zig-Zag test, COD deficit). Only 31.25% of players demonstrated body posture with correct physiological curvatures, while 68.75% showed changes in body asymmetry. The group with correct body posture performed better in SLS 20m than the group with incorrect posture, yet in the Zig-Zag agility test, the difference in the results was not significant and this affected the COD deficit, which was higher. The vast majority of participants demonstrated postural defects and incorrect physiological curvatures of the spine. The occurrence of scoliotic posture was also observed. The body deflection angles indicated that athletes' postural stability was good. However, it is worth noting that the majority demonstrated a tendency towards asymmetrical body deflections to the right or to the left, backwards direction. One-sided sports specialization leads to disturbances in the statics of the body, therefore, it becomes necessary to include postural re-education exercises in training.
该研究的目的是分析职业男子手球运动员的身体成分、身体姿势和姿势稳定性，并确定姿势正确和不正确的运动员之间的差异，同时考虑下肢力量以及敏捷性、速度和方向变化不足等因素。该研究包括16名职业手球运动员。使用生物电阻抗法进行身体成分分析。采用Diers formetric III 4D光电方法检查身体姿势。通过Biodex平衡系统测试姿势稳定性。运动员进行了以下体能测试，以评估下肢肌肉力量（纵跳、立定跳远、反向纵跳）、直线速度（20米直线冲刺）和变向速度（Z字测试、变向不足）。只有31.25%的运动员表现出具有正确生理曲度的身体姿势，而68.75%的运动员表现出身体不对称的变化。姿势正确的组在20米直线冲刺测试中的表现优于姿势不正确的组，但在Z字敏捷性测试中，结果差异不显著，这影响了变向不足，变向不足更高。绝大多数参与者表现出姿势缺陷和脊柱生理曲度不正确。还观察到脊柱侧凸姿势的出现。身体偏转角表明运动员的姿势稳定性良好。然而，值得注意的是，大多数人表现出向右或向左、向后方向的不对称身体偏转趋势。单侧运动专项化会导致身体静态平衡紊乱，因此，有必要在训练中纳入姿势再教育练习。
