Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, PRB 252, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Koch Institute for Integrative cancer research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
Biotechnol Adv. 2017 Sep;35(5):530-544. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.05.006. Epub 2017 May 27.
Recently, understanding of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has expanded rapidly due to the accessibility of cellular and molecular techniques and the growing potential and value for hydrogels in tissue engineering. The fabrication of hydrogel-based cellular scaffolds for the generation of bioengineered tissues has been based on knowledge of the composition and structure of ECM. Attempts at recreating ECM have used either naturally-derived ECM components or synthetic polymers with structural integrity derived from hydrogels. Due to their increasing use, their biocompatibility has been questioned since the use of these biomaterials needs to be effective and safe. It is not surprising then that the evaluation of biocompatibility of these types of biomaterials for regenerative and tissue engineering applications has been expanded from being primarily investigated in a laboratory setting to being applied in the multi-billion dollar medicinal industry. This review will aid in the improvement of design of non-invasive, smart hydrogels that can be utilized for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. In this review, the biocompatibility of hydrogels and design criteria for fabricating effective scaffolds are examined. Examples of natural and synthetic hydrogels, their biocompatibility and use in tissue engineering are discussed. The merits and clinical complications of hydrogel scaffold use are also reviewed. The article concludes with a future outlook of the field of biocompatibility within the context of hydrogel-based scaffolds.
最近，由于细胞和分子技术的可及性以及水凝胶在组织工程中的潜在价值和日益增长的价值，对细胞外基质（ECM）的理解迅速扩展。基于对 ECM 组成和结构的了解，已经制造了基于水凝胶的细胞支架以生成生物工程组织。试图重现 ECM 已经使用了天然衍生的 ECM 成分或具有源自水凝胶的结构完整性的合成聚合物。由于它们的使用越来越多，人们对其生物相容性提出了质疑，因为这些生物材料的使用需要有效且安全。因此，这些类型的生物材料的再生和组织工程应用的生物相容性评估已从主要在实验室中进行扩展到应用于价值数十亿美元的医药行业也就不足为奇了。这篇综述将有助于改进可用于组织工程和其他生物医学应用的非侵入性、智能水凝胶的设计。在这篇综述中，考察了水凝胶的生物相容性和制造有效支架的设计标准。讨论了天然和合成水凝胶的示例、它们的生物相容性以及在组织工程中的应用。还回顾了水凝胶支架使用的优点和临床并发症。本文最后展望了水凝胶基支架背景下生物相容性领域的未来。
