Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Nature. 2017 May 31;546(7656):48-55. doi: 10.1038/nature22897.
Global patterns of biodiversity are influenced by spatial and environmental variations in the rate at which new species form. We relate variations in speciation rates to six key patterns of biodiversity worldwide, including the species-area relationship, latitudinal gradients in species and genetic diversity, and between-habitat differences in species richness. Although they sometimes mirror biodiversity patterns, recent rates of speciation, at the tip of the tree of life, are often highest where species richness is low. Speciation gradients therefore shape, but are also shaped by, biodiversity gradients and are often more useful for predicting future patterns of biodiversity than for interpreting the past.
生物多样性的全球模式受到新物种形成速度在空间和环境上的变化影响。我们将物种形成率的变化与全球生物多样性的六个关键模式相关联，包括物种-面积关系、物种和遗传多样性的纬度梯度，以及物种丰富度在生境之间的差异。尽管它们有时反映了生物多样性模式，但生命之树顶端的新物种形成率最近往往在物种丰富度低的地方最高。因此，物种形成梯度塑造了生物多样性梯度，但也受到生物多样性梯度的影响，对于预测未来的生物多样性模式通常比解释过去的模式更有用。
