一项真实世界的“什么-哪里-何时”记忆测试。
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test.
作者信息
Smulders Tom V, Black-Dominique Amber, Choudhury Tahsina S, Constantinescu Simona E, Foka Kyriaki, Walker Tom J, Dick Kevin, Bradwel Stephen, McAllister-Williams R Hamish, Gallagher Peter
机构信息
Institute of Neuroscience and Centre for Behavior & Evolution, Newcastle University;
School of Psychology, Newcastle University.
出版信息
J Vis Exp. 2017 May 16(123):55646. doi: 10.3791/55646.
Episodic memory is a complex memory system which allows recall and mental re-experience of previous episodes from one's own life. Real-life episodic memories are about events in their spatiotemporal context and are typically visuospatial, rather than verbal. Yet often, tests of episodic memory use verbal material to be recalled (word lists, stories). The Real-World What-Where-When memory test requires participants to hide a total of 16 different objects in 16 different locations over two temporal occasions, 2 h apart. Another two hours later, they are then asked to recall which objects (What) they had hidden in which locations (Where) and on which of the two occasions (When). In addition to counting the number of correctly recalled complete what-where-when combinations, this task can also be used to test real-world spatial memory and object memory. This task is sensitive to normal cognitive aging, and correlates well with performance on other episodic memory tasks, while at the same time providing more ecological validity and being cheap and easy to run.
情景记忆是一个复杂的记忆系统，它能够让人回忆起自己生活中过往的经历，并在脑海中重新体验这些经历。现实生活中的情景记忆是关于处于时空背景下的事件，通常是视觉空间方面的，而非言语方面的。然而，情景记忆测试常常使用言语材料（单词列表、故事）来进行回忆。真实世界的“什么-哪里-何时”记忆测试要求参与者在两个时间点，相隔2小时，将总共16个不同的物品分别藏在16个不同的位置。又过了两小时后，要求他们回忆自己把哪些物品（什么）藏在了哪些位置（哪里）以及是在两个时间点中的哪一个（何时）藏的。除了计算正确回忆出的完整的“什么-哪里-何时”组合的数量外，这个任务还可用于测试现实世界中的空间记忆和物体记忆。该任务对正常的认知衰老很敏感，并且与其他情景记忆任务的表现有很好的相关性，同时具有更高的生态效度，且成本低廉、易于实施。
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