Kamarudin Nuruldiyanah Binti, Sharma Swati, Gupta Arun, Kee Chua Gek, Chik Syed Mohd Saufi Bin Tuan, Gupta Ritu
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
Faculty of Computer Systems and Software Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
3 Biotech. 2017 Jun;7(2):127. doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-0767-9. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Uncontrolled disposal of feathers from the poultry industry and slaughterhouses is environmentally undesirable. The feathers are composed of approximately 90% of keratin which is an important ingredient of cosmetics, shampoos and hair treatment creams. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for the extraction of keratin from chicken feathers. The extraction of keratin using various reducing agents was studied using statistical experimental design. In the extraction process, pH, temperature, ratio of reducing agents, mass of chicken feathers and incubation time were analyzed. The keratin in the total extracted protein was purified by size exclusion chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and further characterized using amino acids profile analysis. The surface morphology and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Sodium sulfide (NaS) yielded 84.5% of keratin as compared to sodium hydroxide (43.8), urea mixture (50.6), mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium bisulfite (18.3) and a mixture of NaS and sodium hydroxide (41.5%) under optimized conditions. The optimum yield of keratin was achieved at 80.9 °C in 9.5 h with 0.05 M sodium sulfide using response surface methodology (RSM). Among the five parameters screened, pH was found not to be significant because the p value was greater than 0.05.
家禽业和屠宰场未经控制地处置羽毛对环境不利。羽毛约由90%的角蛋白组成，角蛋白是化妆品、洗发水和头发护理霜的重要成分。本研究旨在确定从鸡毛中提取角蛋白的最佳条件。采用统计实验设计研究了使用各种还原剂提取角蛋白的方法。在提取过程中，分析了pH值、温度、还原剂比例、鸡毛质量和孵育时间。通过尺寸排阻色谱、十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）对总提取蛋白中的角蛋白进行纯化，并进一步通过氨基酸谱分析进行表征。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析研究了表面形态和化学成分。在优化条件下，与氢氧化钠（43.8%）、尿素混合物（50.6%）、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和亚硫酸氢钠混合物（18.3%）以及硫化钠和氢氧化钠混合物（41.5%）相比，硫化钠（NaS）产生了84.5%的角蛋白。使用响应面法（RSM），在80.9℃、9.5小时、0.05M硫化钠的条件下，角蛋白的产量达到最佳。在筛选的五个参数中，发现pH值不显著，因为p值大于0.05。
