Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 1;601-602:580-593. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.212. Epub 2017 May 31.
Best management practices (BMPs) have been widely used to address hydrology and water quality issues in both agricultural and urban areas. Increasing numbers of BMPs have been studied in research projects and implemented in watershed management projects, but a gap remains in quantifying their effectiveness through time. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about BMP efficiencies, which indicates that most empirical studies have focused on short-term efficiencies, while few have explored long-term efficiencies. Most simulation efforts that consider BMPs assume constant performance irrespective of ages of the practices, generally based on anticipated maintenance activities or the expected performance over the life of the BMP(s). However, efficiencies of BMPs likely change over time irrespective of maintenance due to factors such as degradation of structures and accumulation of pollutants. Generally, the impacts of BMPs implemented in water quality protection programs at watershed levels have not been as rapid or large as expected, possibly due to overly high expectations for practice long-term efficiency, with BMPs even being sources of pollutants under some conditions and during some time periods. The review of available datasets reveals that current data are limited regarding both short-term and long-term BMP efficiency. Based on this review, this paper provides suggestions regarding needs and opportunities. Existing practice efficiency data need to be compiled. New data on BMP efficiencies that consider important factors, such as maintenance activities, also need to be collected. Then, the existing and new data need to be analyzed. Further research is needed to create a framework, as well as modeling approaches built on the framework, to simulate changes in BMP efficiencies with time. The research community needs to work together in addressing these needs and opportunities, which will assist decision makers in formulating better decisions regarding BMP implementation in watershed management projects.
最佳管理措施 (BMPs) 已广泛用于解决农业和城市地区的水文学和水质问题。越来越多的 BMPs 已在研究项目中进行了研究，并在流域管理项目中得到了实施，但在随时间量化其有效性方面仍存在差距。本文综述了有关 BMP 效率的现有知识，表明大多数经验研究都侧重于短期效率，而很少探讨长期效率。考虑 BMP 的大多数模拟工作都假设其性能不变，而不管实践的年龄如何，这通常基于预期的维护活动或 BMP 的预期寿命内的性能。然而，由于结构退化和污染物积累等因素，BMP 的效率可能会随时间发生变化，而与维护无关。通常，由于对实践长期效率的过高期望，BMP 在水质保护计划中在流域层面上的实施效果并没有像预期的那样迅速或显著，甚至在某些条件下和某些时间段内，BMP 本身就是污染物的来源。对现有数据集的审查表明，目前关于短期和长期 BMP 效率的数据都很有限。基于这一综述，本文提出了一些需求和机会的建议。需要编制现有的实践效率数据。还需要收集考虑维护活动等重要因素的 BMP 效率新数据。然后，需要对现有和新数据进行分析。需要进一步研究以创建一个框架，以及基于该框架的建模方法，以随时间模拟 BMP 效率的变化。研究界需要共同努力，满足这些需求和机会，这将有助于决策者在流域管理项目中制定更好的 BMP 实施决策。
