Gonzalez-Raymat Hansell, Liu Guangliang, Liriano Carolina, Li Yanbin, Yin Yongguang, Shi Jianbo, Jiang Guibin, Cai Yong
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Oct;229:69-86. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.101. Epub 2017 May 31.
Elemental mercury (Hg) has different behavior in the environment compared to other pollutants due to its unique properties. It can remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time and so can travel long distances. Through air-surface (e.g., vegetation or ocean) exchange (dry deposition), Hg can enter terrestrial and aquatic systems where it can be converted into other Hg species. Despite being ubiquitous and playing a key role in Hg biogeochemical cycling, Hg behavior in the environment is not well understood. The objective of this review is to provide a better understanding of how the unique physicochemical properties of Hg affects its cycling and chemical transformations in different environmental compartments. The first part focuses on the fundamental chemistry of Hg, addressing why Hg is liquid at room temperature and the formation of amalgam, Hg halide, and Hg chalcogenides. The following sections discuss the long-range transport of Hg as well as its redistribution in the atmosphere, aquatic and terrestrial systems, in particular, on the sorption/desorption processes that occur in each environmental compartment as well as the involvement of Hg in chemical transformation processes driven by photochemical, abiotic, and biotic reactions.
由于其独特的性质，元素汞（Hg）在环境中的行为与其他污染物不同。它可以在大气中长时间停留，因此能够远距离传输。通过空气-地表（如植被或海洋）交换（干沉降），汞可以进入陆地和水生系统，并在其中转化为其他汞物种。尽管汞无处不在且在汞的生物地球化学循环中起着关键作用，但人们对其在环境中的行为仍了解不足。本综述的目的是更好地理解汞独特的物理化学性质如何影响其在不同环境介质中的循环和化学转化。第一部分聚焦于汞的基础化学，阐述汞在室温下呈液态的原因以及汞齐、汞卤化物和汞硫属化合物的形成。接下来的章节讨论汞的长距离传输及其在大气、水生和陆地系统中的再分布，特别是每个环境介质中发生的吸附/解吸过程，以及汞在光化学、非生物和生物反应驱动的化学转化过程中的参与情况。
