Vimbela Gina V, Ngo Sang M, Fraze Carolyn, Yang Lei, Stout David A
Department of Chemical Engineering.
Department of Electrical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2017 May 24;12:3941-3965. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S134526. eCollection 2017.
The era of antibiotic resistance is a cause of increasing concern as bacteria continue to develop adaptive countermeasures against current antibiotics at an alarming rate. In recent years, studies have reported nanoparticles as a promising alternative to antibacterial reagents because of their exhibited antibacterial activity in several biomedical applications, including drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, and imaging. Moreover, nanomaterial research has led to reports of a possible relationship between the morphological characteristics of a nanomaterial and the magnitude of its delivered toxicity. However, conventional synthesis of nanoparticles requires harsh chemicals and costly energy consumption. Additionally, the exact relationship between toxicity and morphology of nanomaterials has not been well established. Here, we review the recent advancements in synthesis techniques for silver, gold, copper, titanium, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide nanomaterials and composites, with a focus on the toxicity exhibited by nanomaterials of multidimensions. This article highlights the benefits of selecting each material or metal-based composite for certain applications while also addressing possible setbacks and the toxic effects of the nanomaterials on the environment.
抗生素耐药性时代日益引发关注，因为细菌继续以惊人的速度对抗当前的抗生素形成适应性对策。近年来，研究报告称纳米颗粒作为抗菌试剂的一种有前景的替代品，因为它们在包括药物和基因递送、组织工程及成像在内的多种生物医学应用中展现出抗菌活性。此外，纳米材料研究催生了关于纳米材料形态特征与其所产生毒性大小之间可能存在关系的报道。然而，传统的纳米颗粒合成需要使用苛刻的化学物质且能耗高昂。此外，纳米材料毒性与形态的确切关系尚未完全确立。在此，我们综述银、金、铜、钛、氧化锌和氧化镁纳米材料及复合材料合成技术的最新进展，重点关注多维纳米材料所表现出的毒性。本文强调了为特定应用选择每种材料或金属基复合材料的益处，同时也探讨了可能存在的问题以及纳米材料对环境的毒性影响。
