McCullers Tabitha J, Steiniger Mindy
Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Mob Genet Elements. 2017 Apr 19;7(3):1-18. doi: 10.1080/2159256X.2017.1318201. eCollection 2017.
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that can mobilize within host genomes. As TEs comprise more than 40% of the human genome and are linked to numerous diseases, understanding their mechanisms of mobilization and regulation is important. is an ideal model organism for the study of eukaryotic TEs as its genome contains a diverse array of active TEs. TEs universally impact host genome size via transposition and deletion events, but may also adopt unique functional roles in host organisms. There are 2 main classes of TEs: DNA transposons and retrotransposons. These classes are further divided into subgroups of TEs with unique structural and functional characteristics, demonstrating the significant variability among these elements. Despite this variability, and other eukaryotic organisms utilize conserved mechanisms to regulate TEs. This review focuses on the transposition mechanisms and regulatory pathways of TEs, and their functional roles in .
转座元件（TEs）是可在宿主基因组内移动的遗传元件。由于转座元件占人类基因组的40%以上且与多种疾病相关，了解它们的移动和调控机制很重要。 是研究真核转座元件的理想模式生物，因为其基因组包含各种活跃的转座元件。转座元件通过转座和缺失事件普遍影响宿主基因组大小，但也可能在宿主生物体中发挥独特的功能作用。转座元件主要有两类：DNA转座子和逆转座子。这些类别进一步分为具有独特结构和功能特征的转座子亚组，表明这些元件之间存在显著差异。尽管存在这种差异， 及其他真核生物利用保守机制来调控转座元件。本综述重点关注转座元件的转座机制和调控途径，以及它们在 中的功能作用。
