Fluegge Kyle R, Nishioka Marcia, Wilkins J R
Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences.
Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
J Environ Toxicol Public Health. 2016 May;1:60-73. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.218417. Epub 2016 May 19.
Both prenatal organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYRE) insecticide exposures have been inconsistently linked with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, given that neither exposure occurs in isolation, and both classes are neurotoxic, it is important to consider both classes when evaluating these outcomes. Employing biomarkers of pesticide exposure, this research describes the effects of prenatal urinary metabolite levels of PYRE and OP insecticides, measured in both the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and postnatal urinary metabolite levels measured at 2 months of age, on child neurodevelopment at three months of age. Neurodevelopmental data were obtained by administration of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II). Generalized linear models using maximum likelihood estimation were used to evaluate the relationship between the indicators of motor and mental neurobehavioral development obtained for 118 infants and prenatal insecticide exposure, accounting for the concurrent infant insecticide exposure. Urinary measures of the PYRE metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2 dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA) in the third trimester of pregnancy had significant, albeit opposite, effects on mental functioning at three months of age. We observed no significant ( < 0.05) effects on motor development. These results were robust to second month infant urine measures of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (metabolite of OP chlorpyrifos), which independently had a significant and negative influence on mental functioning. Prenatal PYRE exposures exert heterogeneous effects by class on mental, but not motor, functioning at three months of age.
孕期有机磷（OP）和拟除虫菊酯（PYRE）杀虫剂暴露均与较差的神经发育结局存在不一致的关联。然而，鉴于这两种暴露并非孤立发生，且两类杀虫剂均具有神经毒性，因此在评估这些结局时同时考虑这两类杀虫剂很重要。本研究利用农药暴露生物标志物，描述了孕期第二和第三阶段测量的PYRE和OP杀虫剂的产前尿代谢物水平以及2月龄时测量的产后尿代谢物水平对3月龄儿童神经发育的影响。神经发育数据通过贝利婴儿发展量表第二版（BSID-II）获得。使用最大似然估计的广义线性模型用于评估118名婴儿的运动和精神神经行为发育指标与产前杀虫剂暴露之间的关系，同时考虑婴儿同时期的杀虫剂暴露情况。孕期第三阶段PYRE代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3PBA）和反式-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸（反式-DCCA）的尿测量值对3月龄时的精神功能有显著影响，尽管影响相反。我们未观察到对运动发育有显著（<0.05）影响。这些结果对于2月龄婴儿尿液中3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇（OP毒死蜱的代谢物）的测量结果具有稳健性，该代谢物独立地对精神功能有显著的负面影响。产前PYRE暴露按类别对3月龄时的精神功能而非运动功能产生异质性影响。
