Naseer Muhammad Moazzam, Jurkschat Klaus
Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II der Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2017 Jul 18;53(58):8122-8135. doi: 10.1039/c7cc02667f.
The field of anion recognition has developed into an area of tremendous significance over the recent decades due to the role of anions in biological and environmental systems, contributing significantly to the more general domain of supramolecular chemistry. So far, a number of receptors have been designed for anion recognition, synthesized and evaluated, most involving hydrogen bonding donors (urea, amide, pyrrole, imidazolium and hydroxyl groups), π-acidic aryl rings, Lewis acidic metals (boron, tin, aluminium, mercury and uranium) and positively charged polyammonium moieties. With the rapid progress in this field, the role of counterions in modulating the binding strength and selectivity of a specific ion has been recognized, leading to the design and discovery of more robust ion pair receptors. Among various recognition strategies that are presently available for anions and ion pairs, the development of Lewis acidic element-based receptors offers an attractive alternative to the hydrogen bond donor-based receptors, by which both anion and Lewis base recognition can be achieved. Consequently, researchers have focused a great deal of attention on such receptors and this sub-branch of recognition chemistry is expanding rapidly. In recent years, the desired selectivity and binding strength have been achieved for various anions by tuning the Lewis acidity through variation of substituents about the metal center. The easy access, rich molecular diversity and strong Lewis acidity of organotin compounds led to the development of organotin-based molecular receptors for anions and ion pairs. This feature article highlights the advances in the design, synthesis and applications of organotin-based receptors, mainly focusing on our group's contributions.
近几十年来，由于阴离子在生物和环境系统中的作用，阴离子识别领域已发展成为一个极具重要性的领域，对超分子化学这一更为广泛的领域做出了重大贡献。到目前为止，已经设计、合成并评估了许多用于阴离子识别的受体，其中大多数涉及氢键供体（尿素、酰胺、吡咯、咪唑鎓和羟基）、π-酸性芳环、路易斯酸性金属（硼、锡、铝、汞和铀）以及带正电荷的聚铵部分。随着该领域的迅速发展，抗衡离子在调节特定离子的结合强度和选择性方面的作用已得到认可，从而促使设计和发现了更强大的离子对受体。在目前可用于阴离子和离子对的各种识别策略中，基于路易斯酸性元素的受体的开发为基于氢键供体的受体提供了一种有吸引力的替代方案，通过这种方案可以实现阴离子和路易斯碱的识别。因此，研究人员对这类受体给予了极大关注，并且这种识别化学的子分支正在迅速扩展。近年来，通过改变金属中心周围的取代基来调节路易斯酸性，已实现了对各种阴离子所需的选择性和结合强度。有机锡化合物易于获取、分子多样性丰富且路易斯酸性强，这促使了用于阴离子和离子对的有机锡基分子受体的发展。这篇专题文章重点介绍了有机锡基受体在设计、合成和应用方面的进展，主要聚焦于我们团队的贡献。
