Thomas Jolene, Chan Lily, Wray Amanda, Miller Jacqueline, Mehta Kaye, Yaxley Alison, Dickinson Kacie, Matwiejczyk Louisa, Jackson Kathryn, Miller Michelle
Nutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
Nutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017 Jun 5;17(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0578-2.
Diet is an important contributor to risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and integral in management and delaying progression. Little is known however about whether increased CVD risk or established CVD has any influence on dietary intakes of Australian adults or children residing in the same household. This study aimed to determine whether the presence of CVD or CVD risk factors influences dietary intake of Australian adults and if the presence of an adult with increased CVD risk influences the dietary intake of a child living in the same household.
Data were sourced from the 2011-2013 Australian Health Survey for: (1) adults ≥18 years with risk factors or established CVD and (2) children 2-17 years residing in the same household as adults with CVD risk factors or established CVD. Selected nutrient intakes (total fat, saturated fat plus trans fat, alpha-linolenic acid, total long chain omega 3 fatty acids, fibre and sodium) collected by repeated 24 h recalls were compared to national dietary recommendations and to the intakes of all other adults and children surveyed. Standard errors of the estimates were calculated using the replicate weights method, and an alpha value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Six thousand two hundred sixty five of 9435 adults surveyed were identified as having CVD risk factors or established disease and of these 1609 had a child in the same household that also contributed data in this survey. No differences were observed in adjusted mean dietary intakes between those without risk factors or established CVD and those with, except for total energy and sodium which were significantly lower in the adults with CVD risk factors and/or established disease. However sodium intakes across both groups were higher than recommended targets. There were no differences for selected nutrients between children residing with affected adults and other children surveyed.
While intakes of Australian adults with CVD risk factors or established disease were favourable for sodium, compared to unaffected adults, there is still scope for improvement as many Australian adults, despite CVD risk, are unable to achieve targets for selected nutrients. Effective dietary behaviour change strategies and resources are urgently needed.
饮食是心血管疾病（CVD）风险的重要影响因素，在疾病管理和延缓病情进展方面不可或缺。然而，对于CVD风险增加或已确诊患有CVD是否会影响居住在同一家庭中的澳大利亚成年人或儿童的饮食摄入，人们知之甚少。本研究旨在确定CVD或CVD风险因素的存在是否会影响澳大利亚成年人的饮食摄入，以及CVD风险增加的成年人的存在是否会影响居住在同一家庭中的儿童的饮食摄入。
数据来源于2011 - 2013年澳大利亚健康调查，涉及：（1）年龄≥18岁且有风险因素或已确诊患有CVD的成年人，以及（2）与有CVD风险因素或已确诊患有CVD的成年人居住在同一家庭中的2 - 17岁儿童。通过重复24小时膳食回顾收集的选定营养素摄入量（总脂肪、饱和脂肪加反式脂肪、α-亚麻酸、总长链ω-3脂肪酸、纤维和钠）与国家膳食建议以及所有其他接受调查的成年人和儿童的摄入量进行比较。使用重复权重法计算估计值的标准误差，α值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
在接受调查的9435名成年人中，有6265人被确定为具有CVD风险因素或已确诊患有疾病，其中1609人在同一家庭中有一个孩子也为本调查提供了数据。在无风险因素或未确诊患有CVD的成年人与有风险因素或已确诊患有CVD的成年人之间，调整后的平均膳食摄入量没有差异，但有CVD风险因素和/或已确诊患有疾病的成年人的总能量和钠摄入量显著较低。然而，两组的钠摄入量均高于推荐目标。与受影响成年人同住的儿童与其他接受调查的儿童在选定营养素方面没有差异。
虽然与未受影响的成年人相比，有CVD风险因素或已确诊患有疾病的澳大利亚成年人的钠摄入量较为理想，但仍有改善空间，因为许多澳大利亚成年人尽管存在CVD风险，但仍无法达到选定营养素的目标。迫切需要有效的饮食行为改变策略和资源。
