Ford Jaclyn H, Kensinger Elizabeth A
Department of Psychology, Boston College, United States.
Department of Psychology, Boston College, United States.
Neuropsychologia. 2017 Jul 28;102:82-94. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jun 3.
Prior research has identified age-by-valence interactions in both behavior and neural recruitment; age has been associated with increased retrieval of positive relative to negative information as well as an increased tendency to recruit prefrontal regions during negative event retrieval and for this recruitment to correspond to decreased hippocampal connectivity. To date, the explicit relation between prefrontal recruitment and memory phenomenology has not been examined. The current study examined the link between these two measures by examining age-by-valence interactions in the relation between prefrontal recruitment and subjective ratings of memory vividness. Participants (ages 18-85) encoded visual images paired with verbal titles. During a scanned retrieval session, they were presented with titles and asked whether each had been seen with an image during encoding. Participants provided vividness ratings following retrieval of each image. Age was associated with greater prefrontally-mediated alterations in negative event phenomenology, with age-related increases in the relation between ventral prefrontal regions and negative event vividness and age-related decreases in the relation between dorsal prefrontal regions and negative event vividness. This analysis confirmed a critical role of PFC regions in age-by-valence interactions, where age reversed the relation between PFC recruitment and the subjective richness of retrieved memory representation. These findings are consistent with studies that reveal age-related enhancements in emotion regulation, and suggest that older adults may be engaging in these processes during retrieval of negative events.
先前的研究已经在行为和神经活动招募方面发现了年龄与效价的交互作用；年龄与积极信息相对于消极信息的更多提取相关，同时在消极事件提取过程中，前额叶区域的招募倾向增加，并且这种招募与海马体连接性降低相对应。迄今为止，前额叶招募与记忆现象学之间的明确关系尚未得到研究。本研究通过考察前额叶招募与记忆生动性主观评分之间关系中的年龄与效价交互作用，来检验这两种测量方法之间的联系。参与者（年龄在18 - 85岁之间）对与文字标题配对的视觉图像进行编码。在扫描的提取阶段，向他们呈现标题，并询问每个标题在编码时是否与一幅图像一起出现过。参与者在每次图像提取后提供生动性评分。年龄与消极事件现象学中更大程度的前额叶介导的变化相关，腹侧前额叶区域与消极事件生动性之间的关系随年龄增长而增加，背侧前额叶区域与消极事件生动性之间的关系随年龄增长而减少。该分析证实了前额叶皮质区域在年龄与效价交互作用中的关键作用，即年龄改变了前额叶皮质招募与提取记忆表征的主观丰富性之间的关系。这些发现与揭示情绪调节中年龄相关增强作用的研究一致，并表明老年人在消极事件提取过程中可能参与了这些过程。
