Hayhoe Richard P G, Lentjes Marleen A H, Mulligan Angela A, Luben Robert N, Khaw Kay-Tee, Welch Ailsa A
1Department of Population Health and Primary Care,Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,University of East Anglia,Norwich NR4 7TJ,UK.
2Strangeways Research Laboratory,Department of Public Health and Primary Care,Institute of Public Health,University of Cambridge,Worts Causeway,Cambridge CB1 8RN,UK.
Br J Nutr. 2017 May;117(10):1439-1453. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517001180. Epub 2017 Jun 7.
Carotenoids are found in abundance in fruit and vegetables, and may be involved in the positive association of these foods with bone health. This study aimed to explore the associations of dietary carotenoid intakes and plasma concentrations with bone density status and osteoporotic fracture risk in a European population. Cross-sectional analyses (n 14 803) of bone density status, using calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and longitudinal analyses (n 25 439) of fracture cases were conducted on data from the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohort of middle-aged and older men and women. Health and lifestyle questionnaires were completed, and dietary nutrient intakes were derived from 7-d food diaries. Multiple regression demonstrated significant positive trends in BUA for women across quintiles of dietary α-carotene intake (P=0·029), β-carotene intake (P=0·003), β-cryptoxanthin intake (P=0·031), combined lutein and zeaxanthin intake (P=0·010) and lycopene intake (P=0·005). No significant trends across plasma carotenoid concentration quintiles were apparent (n 4570). The Prentice-weighted Cox regression showed no trends in fracture risk across dietary carotenoid intake quintiles (mean follow-up time 12·5 years), except for a lower risk for wrist fracture in women with higher lutein and zeaxanthin intake (P=0·022); nevertheless, inter-quintile differences in fracture risk were found for both sexes. Analysis of plasma carotenoid data (mean follow-up time 11·9 years) showed lower hip fracture risk in men across higher plasma α-carotene (P=0·026) and β-carotene (P=0·027) quintiles. This study provides novel evidence that dietary carotenoid intake is relevant to bone health in men and women, demonstrating that associations with bone density status and fracture risk exist for dietary intake of specific carotenoids and their plasma concentrations.
类胡萝卜素在水果和蔬菜中含量丰富，可能与这些食物对骨骼健康的积极关联有关。本研究旨在探讨欧洲人群膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量和血浆浓度与骨密度状况及骨质疏松性骨折风险之间的关联。利用跟骨宽带超声衰减（BUA）对骨密度状况进行横断面分析（n = 14803），并对骨折病例进行纵向分析（n = 25439），数据来自欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查 - 诺福克队列中年龄较大的男性和女性。完成了健康和生活方式问卷调查，膳食营养素摄入量来自7天的食物日记。多元回归显示，女性膳食α - 胡萝卜素摄入量（P = 0·029）、β - 胡萝卜素摄入量（P = 0·003）、β - 隐黄质摄入量（P = 0·031）、叶黄素和玉米黄质联合摄入量（P = 0·010）以及番茄红素摄入量（P = 0·005）的五分位数与跟骨宽带超声衰减呈显著正相关趋势。血浆类胡萝卜素浓度五分位数之间无明显趋势（n = 4570）。Prentice加权Cox回归显示，膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量五分位数与骨折风险无明显趋势（平均随访时间12·5年），但叶黄素和玉米黄质摄入量较高的女性手腕骨折风险较低（P = 0·022）；然而，男女骨折风险的五分位数间差异均存在。血浆类胡萝卜素数据分析（平均随访时间11·9年）显示，血浆α - 胡萝卜素（P = 0·026）和β - 胡萝卜素（P = 0·027）五分位数较高的男性髋部骨折风险较低。本研究提供了新的证据，表明膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量与男性和女性的骨骼健康相关，证明特定类胡萝卜素的膳食摄入量及其血浆浓度与骨密度状况和骨折风险存在关联。
